TÀi liệU Ôn thi vàO 10

1. 
   caùc thì:
   

1. 
   Simple present tense:(thì hieän taïi ñôn)
   

He / She / It + Vs/es

* Thêm “es” vào những động từ có tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, z, o

To be: I + am …

We / you / they + are …

He / she / it + is …

_ Duøng ñeå dieãn taû thoùi quen hoaëc sự vieäc xaûy ra thöôøng xuyeân ôû hieän taïi. (Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc trang töø nhö: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, generally, regularly, every day/week/month/year… once, twice, three times… a day/week…)

Ex: We come to school on time every day.

My mother always gets up early.

_ Duøng ñeå dieãn taû moät söï thaät hieån nhieân, một chân lý, các phong tục tập quán, các hiện tượng tự nhiên.

Ex: The earth moves around the sun.

2. 
   Present progressive tense: (thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn)
   

Hình thöùc: S + is/am/are + V-ing

Ex: My father is planting flowers in the garden now.

Note: một số động từ sau không được dung ở thì HTTD mà dùng HTĐ như: be, see, hear, feel, know, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, test, remember, forget, believe, seem …

3. 
   Simple past tense: (thì quaù khöù ñôn)
   

- Duøng ñeå dieãn taû söï vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra vaø keát thuùc trong quaù khöù. (Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø nhö: ago, yesterday, last night/week/month/year… in + past year)

My mother bought this shirt last month.

- Một chuỗi hành động nối tiếp nhau xảy ra trong quá khứ.

EX: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened the door, I saw my cousin, I said hello to him and asked him to come in.

4. 
   Past progressive tense: (thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn)
   

_ Duøng ñeå dieãn taû söï vieäc ñang xaûy ra vaøo moät thôøi ñieåm xaùc ñònh trong quaù khöù.

Ex: What were you doing at one o’clock yesterday afternoon?

_ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang diễn ra ở quá khứ thì một sự việc quá khứ khác xảy ra.

(söï vieäc ñang dieãn ra ta duøng thì quaù khöù tieáp dieãn, söï vieäc quaù khöù khaùc ta duøng thì quaù khöù ñôn.)

Ex: I met my friend when I was coming back home from school.

_ Duøng ñeå dieãn taû hai haønh ñoäng cuøng xaûy ra moät luùc ôû quaù khöù. (thường trong câu sử dụng từ nối: while, when)

Ex: Nam was reading a book while his father was watching TV.

5. 
   Present perfect tense: (thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh)
   

_ Duøng ñeå dieãn taû söï vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra trong quaù khöù nhöng khoâng xaùc ñònh ñöôïc thôøi ñieåm, hoặc kết quả còn lien quan đến hiện tại.

Ex: I have already seen this play.

He has lost his keys. (He can’t get into his house now.)

_ Duøng ñeå dieån taû söï vieäc vöøa môùi xaûy ra.

Ex: My father has just come home from Paris.

_ Duøng ñeå dieãn taû söï vieäc baét ñaàu ôû quaù khöù maø coøn tieáp tuïc ñeán hieän taïi.

Ex: They have lived here for 5 years.

My sister has been sick since yesterday.

• 
  Chuù yù:
  

+ Trong câu thường có “just, already, never, ever” đứng trước V_3/-ed

+ “lately, recently, before” đứng cuối câu.

+ “so far = until now = up to now = up to the present = so on (nghĩa là cho đến bây giờ) đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.

“This/ it is the first/ second/ …time, _{+S +have/has v3/ed}

several times, many times, …”.

+ Trong caâu cuõng thöôøng gaëp traïng töø “Yet”. Traïng töø “Yet” thöoøng ñöôïc ñaët ôû cuoái caâu vaø chæ ñöôïc söû duïng trong caâu hoûi vaø caâu phuû ñònh nhằm nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa của câu.

6. 
   Simple future tense: (thì töông lai ñôn)
   

- Thì tương lai đơn dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương lai, không có dự định trước hoặc hành động quyết định ngay lúc nói,

EX: She won’t go there tomorrow.

Chú ý:

- Không dùng thì tương lai đơn trong mệnh đề thời gian:

I will meet her before she will leave here. → leaves

- Will/ shall còn dùng sau các động từ như hope, believe, think,

EX: I hope I will pass the examination.

• 
  “Will” ñöôïc duøng cho taát caû caùc chuû ngöõ nhöng “Shall” chæ ñöôïc duøng cho “I” vaø “we”
  

EX: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain

- Không dùng thì tương lai đơn gần với động từ di chuyển go, come…:

I’m glad because I am going to go to the cinema tonight.

1. 
   Mr.Tuan always (go) ……………………………………… to work by bus.
   
2. 
   We (start) ………………………………………………… our new school year last month.
   
3. 
   She (receive) ………………………………………… her pen pal’s letter this morning.
   
4. 
   It (not rain) ………………………………………………. in the dry season.
   
5. 
   Lan (take) ………………………………………… her younger brother to the zoo last Sunday.
   
6. 
   I (live) …………………………………………………… here since I was born.
   
7. 
   They (give) ……………………………………… me the letter a few minutes ago.
   
8. 
   When I saw him, he (sit) ………………………………………………. asleep in a chair.
   
9. 
   What you (do) ………………………………………………… at 7 p.m yesterday?
   
10. 
    My brother (write) …………………………………………… several plays.
    
11. 
    We (learn) ………………………………………………… English now.
    
12. 
    He (write) ………………………………………………… a long novel at present.
    
13. 
    Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) …………………………………………… to you?
    
14. 
    Where are you? – I’m upstairs. I (have) …………………………………………… a bath.
    
15. 
    You (have) …………………………………………………… breakfast yet?
    
16. 
    My little sister (drink) ……………………………………………… milk every day.
    
17. 
    The doctor sometimes (return) …………………………………………… home late.
    
18. 
    They (have) …………………………………………… lunch in the cafeteria now.
    
19. 
    They often (thank) ………………………………………… me for what I do for them.
    
20. 
    His uncle (teach) ………………………………………… English in our school five years ago.
    
21. 
    They (not go) ………………………………………………… to the movies last Sunday.
    
22. 
    You (find) ……………………………………………… my pen yesterday?
    
23. 
    The light (go) ………………………… out when we (study) …………………………….our lesson.
    
24. 
    There (be) ……………………………… an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
    
25. 
    They (paint) ………………………………………………… the school gate when we came.
    
26. 
    They (build) ………………………………………… a new school in this area next year.
    
27. 
    My brother (work) …………………………………………… in this factory for many years.
    
28. 
    The children (play) ………………………………………… soccer at 4 o’clock yesterday.
    
29. 
    I (see) ………………………………………………… Nga at the bus stop every morning.
    
30. 
    What you (do) ………………………………………………………… last night?
    
31. 
    It (be) ……………………….…..often hot in the summer.
    
32. 
    My mother went to the supermarket yesterday, but she (not buy) ……….………. anything.
    
33. 
    Nam and Ba (play) ……………………………. soccer at present.
    
34. 
    My family (go) ………………….…………. Da Lat next summer.
    
35. 
    I’d like (tell) ……………..………… you something about my family.
    
36. 
    She needs (eat) ………….…………. a lot of vegetables and fruit.
    
37. 
    Please don’t make so much noise. I (study)……………………………..
    
38. 
    The water (boil) ……………………………at 100 degrees Celsius.
    
39. 
    Look! Somebody (climb) ……………………up that tree over there.
    
40. 
    I (not see) ……………………………………her since last week.
    
41. 
    How long you (know) …………………………………. Tom?
    
42. 
    Hoa (burn) ……………………her hand when she (cook) ………………..……. The dinner.
    
43. 
    While we (cross) ……………….….the street, the policeman (shout) …………..…….at us.
    
44. 
    What you (do) ………………………………at this time yesterday?
    
45. 
    I hope it (not rain) ……………………when we (start) ………………….early tomorrow.
    
46. 
    My sister (play) ………………………the piano since she (be) ………………….a child.
    
47. 
    I (never forget) ……………………….what you (just tell) ………………………….me.
    
48. 
    He (leave) ………….home two weeks ago and we (not hear) ………………from him since.
    
49. 
    She (win) ……………………….the gold medal in 2004.
    
50. 
    While you (play) …………………..the guitar, I (write) …………………….a letter.
    

7. 
   WISH SENTENCES: