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1. 
   Grammar:
   

9. 
   Defining relative clause and non-defining relative clause:
   

1. 
   Defining relative clause: (Mệnh đề quan hệ hạn chê): dùng WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH ,THAT
   

That is the book. I like it best. (which) . That is the book which/that I like best.

2. 
   Non-defining relative clause: ( Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn chê)
   

• 
  có dấu phảy ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề.
  
• 
  Không dùng THAT
  
• 
  Ta chỉ dùng WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE
  

1. Danh từ là tên riêng: Mr Tan, My teacher, Mary…………..

Ex: Mr John is teaching at this school. He is a world population expert.

Mr John, who is a world population expert, is teaching at this school.

3. 
   Có sỡ hữu tính từ (MY,YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR, THEIR) đứng trước danh từ.
   

Ex: That man is Mr. Pike. You saw him yesterday.  That man,whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike.

4. 
   THAT được dùng trong trường hợp sau:
   

b. Sau so sánh nhất dùng THAT:

Ex: She is the most warm-heated woman that I have met
Sau danh từ có các từ ONLY, ALL, ANYTHING, THE FIRST, THE SECOND,THE LAST……..

Ex: Tom is the only man that can help you.

3. 
   khi danh từ chỉ bao gồm PEOPLE+THING ,ta dùng THAT:
   

1. 
   Omission of relative pronouns: Ta có thể bỏ WHOM, WHICH, THAT trong câu khi làm chức năng tân ngữ.
   

I don’t like the man. We met him this morning. I don’t like the man. (whom/that) we met this morning.

2. 
   Relative pronouns with prepositions: ( đại từ quan hệ có giới từ theo sau)
   

- nối 2 câu bằng đại từ quan hệ WHOM và WHICH. Sau đó đảo giới từ (đứng sau động từ) ra đặt trước WHOM WHICH.

EX: She is the woman. I told you about her. (whom)……………………………………………………………… (không đảo giới từ)

…………………………………………………………………….(đảo giới từ)

……………………………………………………………………………….

The song was interesting. We listened to it last night. (which)

…………………………………………………………………………………. (không đảo giới từ)

…………………………………………………………………… (đảo giới từ)

• 
  Ta không đảo giới từ ra trước
  

That is the child whom you have to look after

3. 
   Reduced relative clauses: (Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)
   

1. 
   Dùng Ving (present particple) rút gọn khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở câu chủ động: bỏ who(m), which,whose that và đổi V về dạng nguyên mẫu thêm ING.
   

Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?. Do you know the woman coming toward us?.

The man who spoke to Jim is my unlce. The man speaking to Jim is my unlce.

2. Dùng V3/VED (past participle) rút gọn khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở câu bị động (BE+V3/Ed) : Bỏ who(m), which,whose that và BE sau đó ghi lại V3/ED

Ex: The Sport Games which were held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games.

The Sport Games held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games

I come from a city that is located in the Southern part of the country.
I come from a city located in the Southern part of the country.

2. 
   Dùng TO INFINITIVE rút gon khi trong mệnh đề quan hệ có các từ THE FIRST THE SECOND THE LAST THE ONLY ……đứng trước danh từ. Ta bỏ who(m), which,whose that và đổi động từ về dạng nguyên mẫu thêm TO.
   

Ex: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew in to space. ……………………………………………………………..

The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. ………………………………………………………………………..

The is the second person that was killed in that way. …………………………………………………………………………………..

4. 
   CLEFT SENTENCES:
   

1. nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ( Suject focus): It+is/was + NOUN (Subject) + Who/ that + V

EX: The boys played football all day. It ……………………………………………………………..

The dog barked at the stranger. It ……………………………………………………………

2. nhấn mạnh tân ngữ: ACTIVE: It is/ was + NOUN (Object) + that + S +V

EX: Hoa borrowed the book from Long. It was ……………………………………………………………. (active)

The man is learning English. It ………………………………………………………………………..(passive)

3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ : (Adverbial focus). It is/ was + Adv + That + S +V +O

Ex: He met his wife in Britain. It …………………………………………………………………………

5. 
   TAG QUESTIONS:
   

1. 
   Nếu động từ trong câu phát biểu là khẵng đỉnh thì động từ trong tag question là phủ định và ngược lại.
   

She didn’t receive my letter, did she?. Peter can speak 5 languages, can’t he?.

2. 
   câu hỏi đuôi đặc biệt :
   

everything, nothing ,something …………., ……..IT?. everybody, noone, some one ……….., ………….they?.

please + V1 (mệnh lệnh) ….., will you?. Nobody(one), nothing, + V (Khẳng định), V (Khẳng định)?.

S + V + never/ hardly/ rarely, no longer …, V (khẳng định)

6. 
   REPORTED SPEECH IN PASSIVE VOICE ( câu tường thuật ở dang bị động)
   

Cách 1

Ex: People say that those dogs are dangerous.

It is said that …………………………………………………………

Those dogs are said …………………………………………………………

Ex2: It is said that he speaks English very well.

 He is …………………………………………………………………….

7. 
   CONJUNCTIONS: both ….and, not only ….but also, either ….or, neither ….nor
   

1. 
   Both ….and : đông từ ở hình thức số nhiều
   
2. 
   Not only …………..but also: đông từ hợp theo chủ ngữ sau but also
   
3. 
   either ….or và neither ………..nor : đông từ hợp theo chủ ngữ sau OR / NOR
   
4. 
   Neither + NOUN + nor + NOUN + VERB : động từ luôn ở hình thức khẳng định
   

Ex: Jim is on holiday and so is Carol . Both …………………………………………………………….

They were tired and they were hungry. (not only…..but also)

…………………………………………………………………

Jim hasn’t got a car. Tan hasn’t got a car, either.

Neither ………………………………………………………………………….

We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow. (either…..or)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

1.Ron enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding. (not only……but also)

 …………………………………………………………..

2. I like tennis. My husband likes tennis, too. ( both………. and)

3. You can choose the red shirt or the blue one. (either…or)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

4.They don’t like Paris. They don’t like London either.(neither…nor)

…………………………………………………………………………..

5.The show is enjoyable. It is also educational. (both . . . and)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.In this course students learn how to save time when drafting papers. They also learn how to edit their work. (both . . . and)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

7.Mary is not lazy. She is not disobedient. (neither . . . nor) ……………………………………………………………………

8. This store sells hand-crafted ornaments. It also sells jewels. (not only . . . but also)

………………………………………………………………………………….

9. My father doesn’t drink coca-cola. He doesn’t drink beer either. (neither…nor)

………………………………………………………………………………………

10.If you don’t go, your brother has to go. (either…or) …………………………………………………………………

1.He hardly ever makes a mistake, ________? 11.Let's go out for dinner tonight, ________?

2.She'd save money if she bought fresh food, ________?

3.She's very' funny. She's got a great sense of humour, ________? 12.That isn't Bill driving, ________?

4.The area was evacuated at once, ________? 13..Don't touch that button, ________.?

5.Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays, ________? 14..I'm too late, ________?

6.Nobody liked the play, ________? 15.Nothing went wrong, ________?

7.Neither of them offered to help you, ________? 8.There'll be plenty for everyone, ________? 16.He never .works very well, ________? 10.This won't take long, ________?

9..There used to be trees here, ________? 17.He ought to have made a note of it, ________?
III.RELATIVE CLAUSES:

a.Choose the best answer

1. The man...........................hat blew off in the wind chased it across the park

A. his B. who C. whose D. that

2. The building whose walls are made of glass is the place..........I work

A. which B. where C. that D. what

3. The movie..........we are talking about is fantastic

A. which B. that C. Ø D. A, B, or C

4. The little girl..............I borrowed this pen has gone

A. whose B. from who C. from that D. from whom

5. The boy.............the piano is my son

A. who is playing B. that is playing C. playing D. A, b, or C

6. She gives her children everything.............they want

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

7. Why do you always disagree with everything...........I say?

A. who B. which C. when D. what

8. This is an awful film. It is the worst............I have never seen

A. who B. that C. what D. whom

9. The hotel...........we stayed was not clean

A. who B. that C. where D. when

11. What was the name of the people........car had broken down

A. which B. who C. whom D. whose

12. I recently went back to the town...........I was born

A. what B. where C. who D. which

15. The painting sun Flower, ………painted by Van Gogh, was stolen many times

A. which is B. which was C. that is D. Ø

16. ……………….was a French Emperor, fought his final battle in Waterloo

A. Napoleon Bonaparte who C. Napoleon Bonaparte, that

B. Napoleon Bonaparte, who D. Napoleon Bonaparte, whose

1. The woman is my mother. She understands me best.

 .....................................................................................................................................

2. What was the name of the boy? You borrowed these books from him.

 .....................................................................................................................................

3. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support for the project is essential.

 .....................................................................................................................................

4. The dam is nearly empty. We receive our water supply from it.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Disney World is a famous amusement park. It is located in Orlando, Florida, USA, and covers a large area of land.

 .....................................................................................................................................

6. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city.

 .....................................................................................................................................

7. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.

 .....................................................................................................................................

8.. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.

 .....................................................................................................................................

9.. Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world.

 .....................................................................................................................................

10. It is the important matter. We are interested in it. ……………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………….

2. Do you the man who is talking to my father ?

…………………………………………………………………………..

3. Applications which were sent after 23^rd will not be considered.

………………………………………………………………………………

4. George is the first person that we will interview.

………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

.6The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in VungTau.

7.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8.. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9. The books that are on that shelf is mine.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. 
   CLEFT SENTENCES:
   

2.The boys are taking Sandy to the match…………………………………………………………………….

3.The Second World War ended on 7 May 1945 in Europe………………………………………………………………..

4. Sahra pay for the wedding ring …………………………………………………………………… (active)

………………………………………………………………………………(passive)

3. 
   WAS/ WERE ABLE TO/ COULD.
   

1. Valuables can / are able to be left in the hotel safe. Please ask at the reception desk.

2. We could / were able to finish the football match before it started snowing too heavy.

3. The rebels could / were able to draw on the support of over 20,000 soldiers.

5.' Do you want a game?' 'Sorry, I can't / 'm not able to play chess.

6. Look at me, I can / 'm able to ride my bike without any help.

7. When the fire officers arrived they could / were able to put out the flames in a couple of minutes.

8. The air was so polluted in the city center, I could hardly / was hardly able to breathe.

9 .I knew John had been smoking. I could / was able to smell the cigarettes when I came into the room.

3. 
   PASSIVE
   

 The driver …………………………………………………………………………………..

2. People believe that the Prime Minister will resign tomorrow.

The Prime Minister ………………………………………………………………………..

3.The police think that the burglar got in through the bathroom window.

The burglar is ………………………………………………………………………..

4.People know that he is armed. He ………………………………………………………

5. It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists.

The man ……………………………………………………………………………………

6.People think that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.

The company ………………………………………………………………………

It is ………………………………………………………………………………………….