Lesson 1 : tenses ( Caùc thì ) simple present: (HTÑ)

LESSON 11 : RELATIVE CLAUSES

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR
DEMO B639, Chinh-phuc-ngu-phap-va-bai-tap-6-global-success, de cuong khoa 2 (1), NGỮ ÂM ANH

Direct speech
LESSON 14 : COMPARISONS

LESSON 11 : RELATIVE CLAUSES
( Meänh Ñeà Quan Heä)

Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:

Functions Antecedents	Subject	Object	Poss.	Adv
Things	Which	Which	Whose + n (of which)
People	Who	Whom	Whose + n
Place				Where
Time				When
Reason				Why

Notes: *Where = prep + n_place
*When = prep + n_time
*Why = for + the reason
*‘THAT’ thay theá cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong meänh ñeà coù giôùi
haïn (khoâng ñöùng sau daáu phaåy, prep).
*Duøng 1 hoaëc 2 daáu phaåy taùch meänh ñeà quan heä ra khoûi meänh ñeà chính
khi tieàn danh töø laø:
- Danh töø rieâng
- Danh töø ñöôïc boå nghóa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
- Danh töø ñöôïc boå nghóa = sôû höõu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…)
- Danh töø ñöôïc boå nghóa = 1 nhoùm töø ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.

Relative Clauses:

Rel. Cl. Ant.	Relative clause
Rel. Cl. Ant.	Relative pronoun / adverb	The other parts
Things	+ which / that	+ V ( + O) + S + V
People	+ who / that + whom /that	+ V( + O) + S + V
People/ things	+ whose	V ( + O) + n + S + V
Place Time Reason	+ where + when + why	+ S + V (+ O)

Ex: a/ Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door.

 Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door?
b/ She showed me the radio. She had bought it
 She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought.
c/ I don’t like the people. People lose their temper easily.
 I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily.
d/ The man works here. I saw him yesterday.
 The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here.
e/ The house is very large. Its door is green.
 The house whose door is green is very large.
f/ Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle.
 Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping?
g/ Vietnam is beautiful. We live in vietnam.
Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful.

LESSON 12: REPORTED SPEECH
(Caâu Töôøng Thuaät)

1 .Meänh Leänh &ø Yeâu Caàu: V₁… Haõy – Meänh leänh khaúng ñònh
Don’t + V₁ … Ñöøng - Meänh leänh phuû ñònh

TOLD S + + O + ASKED	To + V₁ (MLKÑ)	Ex: He said to us, “ Keep silent here, please.”  He told us to keep silent there.
TOLD S + + O + ASKED	Not to + V₁ (MLPÑ)	Ex: “Don’t laugh at me” said Mary.  Mary asked me not to laugh at her.

2. Phaùt bieåu: S + V (chia roài) …

TOLD + O
S + (THAT) + S +V (luøi thì)
SAID

Ex₁: They said to us, “These are snakes.”
 They told us (that) those were snakes.
Ex₂: “I came at 8 o’clock,” he said.
 He said (that) he had come at 8 o’clock.

3. Caâu hoûi:
a/ WH_ Questions: “WH + V + S… ?”
b/ YES _ NO Questions: “ V + S … ?”

asked + (O) S + wanted to know wondered	+ WH	S + V (luøi thì)

	+ IF / WHETHER

Ex₁: The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?”

 The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was.
Ex₂: “ Did you see him?” she said to me.
 She asked me if / whether I had seen him.
Notes:
1. Change of Adverbs of Time & Place:

Direct speech	Reported speech	Direct speech	Reported speech
1. here	1. there	6. tonight	6. that night
2. this	2. that	7. yesterday	7. the previous day, the day before
3. these	3. those	8. ago	8. before
4. now	4. then	9. tomorrow	9. the following day, the next day
5. today	5. that day	10. next (week….)	10. the following (week…)

2. Change of Pronoun & Poss. Adj:

Per.	Subj.	Obj.	Poss. Adj.	Poss. Pro.
1	I	Me	My	Mine
1	We	Us	Our	Ours
2	You	You	Your	Yours
3	They	Them	Their	Theirs
3	He	Him	His	His
	She	Her	Her	Hers
	It	It	Its	its

S + V + O, “ person 1…………………… person 2”

(chuùng) toâi (caùc)baïn

Changes of Tenses:

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Notes:
1/ Khi töø ‘WH’ laøm S hoaëc boå nghóa cho S O ñoåi theå.
Ex: “Who has broken this vase?” said my father.
 My father asked who had broken that vase.
2/ Khi caâu tröïc tieáp dieãn taû 1 chaân lí, söï thaät hieån nhieân  O ñoåi thì.
Ex: Our teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.”
 Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
3/ Khi ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ôû thì Htaïi or Tlai O ñoåi thì,
khoâng ñoåi thôøi gian & nôi choán, chæ ñoåi ngoâi.
Ex: He says, “I’m hurry now.”
 He says that he is hungry now.

4/	S + should / had better + (not) V₁
	 S + advised + O + (not) To V₁

Ex: You should eat a lot of fresh fruit.
 He advised me to eat a lot of fresh fruit.
Taát caû caùc hình thöùc khi ñoåi sang caâu töôøng thuaät phaûi ñoåi ngoâi : Ngoâi 1  ñoåi theo ngöôøi noùi (S)
Ngoâi 2  ñoåi theo ngöôøi nghe (O)
Ngoâi 3  giöõ nguyeân

V₁ / V_s/es

V₂^ed

a m
is +V_ing
are

w as
+V_ing
were

has / have + V₃^ed

V₂^ed

had + V₃^ed

was / were + V_ing

had been + V_ing

will
shall
can +V₁
may
must

would
should
could +V₁
might
had to

LESSON 13 : CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
(Meänh Ñeà Chæ Muïc Ñích)

SO THAT can/could
S + V + _______________ + S + will/ would + V₁
IN ORDER THAT shall/ should
…ñeå maø… may/ might

Ex: a) We study hard. We want to pass the exam.

 We study hard so that we can pass the exam.

b) I helped Nam. I wanted him to finish the work on time.

 I helped Nam in order that he could finish the work on time.

Notes: Phrase of Purpose

to
S + V + in order to + V₁
so as to
in order for + O +TO
… ñeÅ…

Ex: We study hard to pass the exam.
 I helped Nam in order for him to finish the work on time.

LESSON 14 : COMPARISONS

( So Saùnh)

Types	Models
1/ Equal Degree (So saùnh baèng)	AS + adj / adv + AS (baèng, nhö)
1/ Equal Degree (So saùnh baèng)	NOT AS/SO + adj. / adv + AS (khoâng baèng, khoâng nhö)
2/Comparitive Degree (So saùnh hôn)	adj. / adv_(ngaén)+ ER + THAN
2/Comparitive Degree (So saùnh hôn)	MORE + adj. / adv_(daøi) + THAN
3/ Superlative Degree (So saùnh nhaát)	THE + adj. / adv_(ngaén)+ EST
3/ Superlative Degree (So saùnh nhaát)	THE MOST + adj. / adv_(daøi)

Examples:
1/ a) You are as tall as I am. (=me)
b) John doesn’t work as/so effectively as Tom (does)
2/ a) The letter will probably arrive sooner than you expect.
b) Mr. Smith can drive more carefully than his wife (can).
3/ a) She works (the) hardest of anyone in the class.
b) That’s the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.
Notes:
1/ Short Adj. / Adv (ngaén):
- 1 vaàn
Ex: tall, soon. Small…
- 2 vaàn taän cuøng = -y,-er, -le,-ow, -et,
Ex: happy, clever, simple,… early.
2/ Long Adj. /Adv (daøi):
- 2 vaàn trôû leân, tröø caùc tröôøng hôïp treân
Ex: modern, carefully, comfortable…
- 2 vaàn taän cuøng = -ly
Ex: quickly, loudly…
3/ So Saùnh Nhaát : Duøng cho 3 ñoái töôïng trôû leân.
4/ Khi theâm “-er ; -est”
large larger largest
big bigger biggest
dry drier driest
5/ So Saùnh Baát Qui Taéc:
good / well better best
bad / badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest

 Sentence Transformation:

1/	adj. / adv + ER

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Lesson 1 : tenses ( Caùc thì ) simple present: (HTÑ)

LESSON 11 : RELATIVE CLAUSES

Direct speech

Direct Speech

V2ed

LESSON 14 : COMPARISONS

V₂^ed