Cách dùng ALREADY và YET: -
Already dùng trong câu khẳng định, already có thể đứng ngay sau have và cũng có thể đứng ở cuối câu.
Ex: We have already written our reports.
We have written our reports already.
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Yet dùng trong câu phủ định, câu nghi vấn. Yet thường xuyên đứng ở cuối câu.
Ex: We haven't written our reports yet.
Have you written your reports yet?
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Trong một số trường hợp ở thể phủ định, yet có thể đứng ngay sau have nhưng phải thay đổi về mặt ngữ pháp: động từ PII trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và không dùng not.
Ex: John has yet to learn the material = John hasn't learnt the material yet.
B. Passive voice with present perfect.
Active : S + have / has + P2 + O
Passive : S + have / has + been + P2 + by ….
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EXCERCISES
Exercise1: Give the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1 . She ………………………..……………..…..(wait) for two hours to see you.
2. She ………………………..…………………..(be) to America.
3. John ………………………..……………..…..(see) that film several times.
4. They ………………………..……………..……(live) in this street for a long time.
5. She …………………………..………….……..(not speak) to me since last week.
6. We …………………………..…………..(study) every lesson in the book, so far.
7. I ………………………………..………………….(have) three colds this winter.
8. Up to now, John …………………..…………………………….(work) very hard.
9. They ………………………..…………………..(sell) their house several days ago.
10. John ………………………..………………..(work) for this company since 1980.
11. Linda is working in this department. She …………..…………..(work) here for two years.
12. Many people in this class …………..………..…...(see) this beautiful house several times.
13. They …………………..………..………(live) in London from 1970 to 1990.
14. They ……………………………..……….(live) in China since 2000.
15. We ……………………….……..…….(study) English at this school for a month.
16. Our present teacher ………………..…………..…..(live) in this city all of his life.
17. This boy ……………………………..……….(not / finish) his homework yet.
18. I ……………………..….... (speak) to him about your work several times already.
19. ………………………..….…you …………..………….……..(ever travel) to China before ?
20. he ……………………….….(receive) a letter just a few minutes ago.
21. I ……………………………..…………………(not / see) John recently.
22. It’s the third time you …………………..…………….……….(lose) your key.
23. This is one of the best books I ……………..…………….(ever read).
24. You …………………….………..……….(put) your book on my desk last night.
Exercise 2: Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form.
25. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia.
26. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S.
27. How many times have you / have you been fired?
28. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation.
29. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert .
30. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million.
31. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker.
32. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management
Exercise 3: Turn the following sentences into the passive.
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His teacher has transferred him to another class.
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A scholar has translated that novel into Vietnamese.
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Somebody has taken my briefcase.
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Have you fed the dogs yet?
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No one has used that car for 10 years.
Exercise 4: Choose the one or phrase that best completes each sentence.
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The program must be new, I……………it before.
a. have never been seen b. have ever seen c. have never seen d. have seen
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I…………..able to play tennis since I…………..my arm.
a. wasn’t/broke b. haven’t been/had broken
c. wasn’t/had broken d. haven’t been/broke
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Since the 1970s, computers……………at a low enough cost to allow individuals to own a personal computer.
a. are produced b. will be produced c. were produced d. have been produced
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This is the first time we ……………to Scotland, so it’s all new to us.
a. are going b. were c. have been d. will go
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How often ………….your car serviced since you bought it?
a. do you get b. did you get c. had you gotten d. have you gotten
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……………………………….yet?
a. Has the report been written b. Has the report written
c. Did the report write d. Was the report written
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These flowers are fresh. They ……………from the garden.
a. have just been picked b. have been just picked
c. have been picked just d. just have been picked
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No one has used this computer for a long time.
a. This computer was not used for a long time.
b. This computer has been used for a long time.
c. This computer has not used for a long time.
d. This computer has not been used for a long time.
Week:……….. D.O.P:………………………….
Period:………. D.O.T:…………………………
WH – QUESTIONS, GERUND and TO + INFINITIVE.
I. OBJECTIVES: By the end of the lesson, Ss can be able to:
- Know how to use “WH– words” in making questions, use a “gerund” or “an infinitive with To” after a certain verb.
- Enhance their understanding through multiple choice questions.
II. PROCEDURES:
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THEORY:
- Các từ để hỏi: who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how
(Old/long/far/fast/many/much…)
Question words
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To ask about
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Example
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Who
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Hỏi về người
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Who is your English teacher?
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What
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Hỏi người, vật, sự việc, sự kiện..
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What happened last night?
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Where
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Hỏi nơi chốn
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Where do you live?
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When
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Hỏi thời gian
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When did you buy this book?
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Which
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Hỏi sự chọn lựa
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Which class do you like?
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Why
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Hỏi lý do
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Why were you late?
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Whose
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Hỏi sở hữu
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Whose pen is this?
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How
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Hỏi cách thức, chất lượng
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How old is she?
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Wh- + be + S (+ …)?
- With “TO BE”:
E.g: What is the time? – It’s 7.
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Wh- + KK + S + V (+ …)?
With “Modal Verbs”:
* Những động từ khiếm khuyết: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to
E.g: How many languages can you speak?
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Wh- + do/does/did + S + V (+…)?
With ordinary verbs:
E.g: Where did you go yesterday? – I went to the bookstore.
Who do you teach English every day?
Hoaëc:
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Wh-question + V + O +?
Question words used as subject. ( Từ để hỏi dùng làm chủ từ):
E.g: Who teaches you English every day?
- Question words use as objects or modifiers.(Từ để hỏi dùng làm tân ngữ hoặc bổ ngữ):
Wh-question+ aux.V+ S +Vm + O?
Aux. V: auxiliary verb trợ động từ
Vm: main verb động từ chính
Ex: Who do you teach English every day?
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What:
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What…be (look) like? Hỏi về sự miêu tả: What is the weather like in Ha Noi?
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What + noun (color, subject, kind of, size…) Hỏi về chi tiết: What color is it?
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What time Hỏi thời gian cụ thể What time do you often get up?
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How + Adj/Adv Hỏi về mức độ tính chất: How deep is this river?
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How far Hỏi về khoảng cách
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How long Hỏi độ dài / thời gian: How long have you been staying here?
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How many/much Hỏi về số lượng: How many students are there in the class?
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How often Hỏi về độ thường xuyên: How often do you go to the cinema?
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EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences.
1. Miss Phuong went home early.
→ Why ……………………….................…….……………………………….................…?
2. I met Phong’s father .
→ Who …………………………….................………………………….................………..?
3 . they wanted something .
→ What ………………………………….........…………………….................…....………?
4. The machine cost a lot of money.
→ How much money …………………………………………….................…….…………?
5. The meeting finished at 7 o’clock.
→ What time ……………………...…………………….................….......……………… ?
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My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.
Where
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We often have dinner at 7:00 pm.
What time
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I am reading an English book at the moment.
What
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It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.
How long
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She speaks English very fluently.
How
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I have written over twenty novels.
How many
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This street is twenty kilometers long.
How long
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I spent 10 dollars on this shirt.
How much
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I have been learning English for 5 years.
How long
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She will be married to a rich man.
Who
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Tom goes to the library twice a week.
How often
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I went to school late because I missed the bus.
Why
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She is a doctor.
What
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They were watching a game show.
What
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He like studying Math.
What subject
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The weather is very nice in this country.
What
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She wanted to become an English teacher.
What.
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They are cutting trees in the forest for wood.
For what
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They are coming to visit tomorrow.
When
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He is going to work right now.
Where
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She talked to him for an hour.
How long
Exercise 2: Make questions for the underlined parts or the given answers
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It’s a quarter past five now.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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Her full name is Nguyen Minh Thu.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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She is in grade 10.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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My phone number is 838 888.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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My address is 25 Quang Trung Street.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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There are five people in my family.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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My father is a teacher.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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There is a picture on the wall.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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Yes, his house is next to a bookshop.
.....................................................................................................................................................
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She goes to the super market twice a week.
.....................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Make questions from the words given.
1. does / what time / get up / she
→ ………………………………………….…..………………… ?
– At seven o’clock.
2. for / does / have / breakfast / she / what
→…………………………………………..……..……………? – A bread and an egg.
3. to work / she / does / go / how
→ …………………………………………..………….…………...?
– By bus.
4. she / does / what / in the evening / do
→ …………………………………………..……..…………..? – She watches television.
5. bed / time / does / go to / what / she
→ ……………………………………………………………..? – At nine o’clock.
I. Động từ đi với gerund:
admit : thừa nhận
anticipate : liệu trước
appreciate : đánh giá cao
avoid : tránh
be worth : đáng (được)
can’t help : không thể tránh
complete : hoản thành
consider : xem xét, can nhắc
defer : hoãn lại
delay : trì hoãn
deny : phủ nhận
dislike / detest : không thích
dread : sợ
encourage : khuyến khích
enjoy : thích
escape : thoát khỏi
fancy : thích
finish : hoàn thành
involve : bao gồm, liên quan
keep : tiếp tục
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mind : ngại
postpone : trì hoãn
practise : luyện tập
resent : phật ý, oán
recollect : hồi tưởng
risk : liều lĩnh
spend : dùng, trãi qua
suggest : gợi ý, đề nghị
tolerate : chịu đưng, tha thou
understand : hiểu
forgive : tha thứ
encourage : khuyến khích
imagine : tưởng tượng
mention : đề cập
miss : bỏ lở
It’s no use / good : Vô ích
to look forward to : mong, đợi
can’t bear / stand : không thể chịu được
have difficulty / trouble: có vấn đề, gặp khó khăn
Các giới từ: on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with….
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Ex: She admitted stealing his money.
This job involves meeting people.
Do you enjoy going to the beach?
II. Những động từ sau được sử dụng với hai cấu trúc:
Advise
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recommend
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encourage
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Allow
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permit
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V + Ving V + object+ to V0
He doesn’t allow smoking in his house. He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house.
III. Động từ theo sau là Ving hay to-infinitive: (Không thay đổi nghĩa)
begin / start : bắt đầu
can’t bear : không thể chịu đựng
can’t stand : không thể chịu đựng
continue : tiếp tục
dread : kinh sợ
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hate : ghét
like : thích
love : yêu
neglect : lơ là
prefer : thích hơn
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Ex: She began working / to work on the project.
IV. Đông từ theo sau là Ving hoặc to-infinitive: (thay đổi nghĩa)
Forget: quên
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Don’t forget to send me a postcard. (quên để làm)
I will never forget working with you. (quên đã làm)
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Remember: nhớ
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Remember to do your homework. (nhớ để làm)
Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nhớ đã làm)
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Stop: ngưng
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He stopped to smoke when he was driving. ( ngưng để làm)
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Try + to-inf : cố gắng
Try + Ving : thử
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We tried to win the game, but we failed.
Have you ever tried windsurfing?
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Mean + to-inf: muốn
Mean + Ving: nghĩa là
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I mean to take a trip to Canada.
A trip to Da Lat means spending much money.
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Regret + to-inf : rất tiếc
Regret + Ving : hối hận
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We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted.
He regrets not going to her friend’s birthday party.
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V. Động từ theo sau các động từ döôùi ñaây là V0:
Make: khiến
Let: cho phép
Have: nhờ
Help: giúp đỡ
Used to :
Had better
Would rather….(than)
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My mother makes me study.
They let him go.
I had him wash my car.
Advertising helps (to) sell more products.
She used to help me when I lived in Dalat in 1997
You had better come back home and take a rest.
we would rather die than be slaves
I'd rather walk than take a bus
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VI. Theo sau động từ chỉ giác quan là to V hoặc V0
see
hear + O + Ving
smell
notice
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When I came home I had seen someone opening the door
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see
hear + O + V0
smell
notice
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I noticed an old man cross the street
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VII. Ñoäng töø ñi sau caùc ñoäng töø döôùi ñaây thöôøng ôû daïng to V0
Agree
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Offer
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Decide
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Appear
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Ask
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Would prefer
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Remind
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Enable
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Want
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Refuse
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Attempt
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Plan
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Seem
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Expect
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Would like
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Warn
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Teach
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Learn
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Promise
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Manage
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Arrange
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Pretend
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Mean
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Dare
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Force
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Persuade
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Tell
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Threaten
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Fail
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Hope
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Afford
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help
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tend
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Invite
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get
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Order
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EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Underlined the correct answer.
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He wanted (see) ……………………. the house where the president was born.
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He is expected (arrive) ……………………. in a few days.
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I would like him (go) …………………. to a university but I can’t make him go.
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I am looking forward to (see) ……………………. you.
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I arranged (meet) ……………………. them there.
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She was angry and refused……………………. (speak) to me.
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I am beginning (understand) ……………………. what you mean.
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People used (travel) ……………………. on horseback.
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I regret (inform) ……………………. you that your application form has been refused.
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He spends a lot of time (read) ……………………. books.
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I regret (not/listen) ……………………. to my father’s advice. He was right.
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I don’t enjoy (take) ……………………. care of as if I were a child.
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He is interested in……………………. ( do) the job himself.
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Would you mind……………………. (help) me with this.
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The boys like (play) ……………………. games but hate (do) lessons.
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You should practice ( speak) ……………………. English every day.
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I always try to avoid……………………. (borrow) money from my friends.
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I don’t allow (smoke) ……………………. in my drawing-room.
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Would you mind (show) …………………. me how (work) …………………. the lift.
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It is no use (wait) ……………………. him.
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