HƯỚng dẫn viết bàI ĐĂng trên tạp chí khoa học và CÔng nghệ Quy định về cách trình bày bài viết

Nội dung bài viết được thực hiện bằng tiếng Việt hoặc tiếng Anh.

Căn lề: Top: 3.5 cm

Left: 3.42 cm

Bottom: 4.5 cm

Right: 2.5 cm

2. Trình bày nội dung

Cỡ chữ: 11

Font: Time new Roman

Paragraph: Before: 4 pt;

After: 2 pt;

Line spacing: Single;

First line: 0,8 cm;

Header: 1,27 cm; Footer: 3,5 cm.

Ngày nhận bài:

7. 
   Các mục nhỏ ví dụ: 2.1, 2.2,…., chữ thường đậm, cỡ chữ 11, cách trên, cách dưới 12 pt, căn sát lề trái.
   

7. 
   Các mục nhỏ ví dụ: 2.1.1, 2.1.2, chữ nghiêng, cỡ chữ 11, cách trên, cách dưới 12 pt, căn sát lề trái.
   

7. 
   Trích tài liệu tham khảo: [12, 3, 44]
   
8. 
   Các đoạn lùi đầu dòng 1 Tab = 0,8 cm, cách trên 4 pt, cách dưới 2 pt.
   
9. 
   Bảng: Tên bảng viết ở trên bảng, cỡ chữ 10, căn giữa, Font: Arial, Tiêu đề: Bảng 1, Bảng 2… in nghiêng. Nội dung bảng in thường.
   

7. 
   Hình: cỡ chữ 10, căn giữa, Font: Arial, cách trên, cách dưới 12 pt. Chú thích dưới hình. Các chữ trong hình sử dụng cỡ chữ 8 – 9, font Arial.
   

7. 
   Lời cảm ơn: Viết nghiêng, Font: Arial 10, cách trên 18 pt, cách dưới 12 pt.
   

7. 
   Trích dẫn tài liệu tham khảo: chia làm 2 loại trích dẫn tài liệu.
   

Tên tác giả - Tên bài, Tên tạp chí Tập (số) (năm) trang.

1. Hulyal S. B. and Kaliwal B. B. - Dynamics of phytoplankton in relation to physico-chemical factors of Almatti reservoir of Bijapur District, Karnataka State. Environ Monit Assess 153 (2008) 45-59.

2. Karlson B., Cusack C., and Bresnan E. - Microsopic and Molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis, IOC Manual and Guides 55 (2010) 144-156.

Tên tác giả - Tên sách, Tên hội nghị, Tên tuyển tập…, Nhà xuất bản, Nơi xuất bản năm xuất bản, số trang.

1. 
   Vũ Văn Hùng, Dương Đ. T. - Phân loại vi khuẩn Lam ở Việt Nam, Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 1996, tr. 220. (pp. 220 nếu là tiếng Anh, C. 220 nếu là tiếng Nga)
   

7. 
   Abstract: Font. 11 Arial, đậm, cách trên 18 pt, cách dưới 12 pt.
   

EFFECT OF OXYGEN AND MOISTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HEXADECANE BIODEGRADATION IN CONTAMINATED SOIL

Mainly based on the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, bioremediation appears as a green solution and perfectly adapts to organic pollutants like hydrocarbons. Generally, the aliphatic hydrocarbons have low chemical reactivity and bioavailability. However, they can be degraded by some microorganisms. The biodegradation of a pollutant can be observed by measuring the concentration of consumed oxygen and produced carbon dioxide.

Keyword: nghiêng, Time new Roman 11, cách trên 12 pt, cách dưới 12 pt. Căn sát lề trái.

Ví dụ:

Keywords. hexadecane, biodegradation, contaminated, soil, oxygen, moisture.

Dưới đây là mẫu bài trình bày

PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC MICROPROPAGATION FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF PLANT SPECIES

Nguyen Thi Quynh¹, Nguyen Nhu Hien¹, Hoang Ngoc Nhung¹, Pham Minh Duy¹, Nguyen Tri Minh², Huynh Huu Duc<sup>1

1</sup>Institute of Tropical Biology, VAST, Hochiminh City, Vietnam

²Tay Nguyen Institute of Biology, VAST, Da Lat City, Vietnam

Corresponding author: qtnguyen_vn@yahoo.com

Received May 15, 2010

ABSTRACT

Development of new micropropagation systems for the control of in vitro environment is necessary to overcome the major shortcomings, such as high production cost, significant loss by microbial contamination, poor growth and development of plant in vitro, etc., for large-scale production of high quality plants in vitro. A great number of quality transplants can be produced at low cost with photoautotrophic micropropagation. Photoautotrophic or sugar-free micropropagation has been studied in the Institute of Tropical Biology since the 90’s and shown superior comparing with conventional or sugar-containing micropropagation in respect of plant morphogenesis, physiology and production cost. Under photoautotrophic condition, in vitro plants of several species, such as Dendrobium ‘Burana White’, strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), grapevines (Vitis vinifera var. Thompson seedless), etc., increased their growth significantly when in vitro aerial and root zone micro-environments were improved, resulted in increasing the multiplication rate and, thus, shortening the multiplication period. For the medicinal plants, Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. & Thonn.), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, the plant growth was enhanced, which promised a good application for studying the accumulation of secondary metabolites of in vitro plants in different micro-environments.

1. 
   Introduction
   

The concept of photoautotrophic micropropagation was introduced as a means of reducing production cost and automation/robotization of the process. The main reason for high production costs in conventional micropropagation is the presence of organic carbon sources, such as sucrose and vitamins, in the culture medium [1]. The presence of these sources causes significant loss of plants in vitro by microbial contamination during the multiplication stage and, thus, increases the labor cost for cleaning. In photoautotrophic micropropagation, the sucrose is reduced or completely eliminated from the medium, while the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and the carbon dioxide concentration during the photoperiod are increased. Reduction of relative humidity and ethylene concentration in the vessel will promote the transpiration and the mineral uptake, and improve physiological and morphological characteristics of plants in vitro, respectively. In addition, plants in vitro are proved to grow better when gelling agent such as agar or Gelrite is replaced by air porous supporting material such as vermiculite or cellulose fibers, which improves rooting of plants in vitro by increasing oxygen or nutrient availability in the root zone environment. Since increasing the light intensity alone cannot raise the net photosynthetic rate for in vitro plants at their CO₂ compensation point, the increase in CO₂ concentration and, thus, the decrease in relative humidity and ethylene concentration in the vessel can be achieved either by natural or forced ventilation.

The study on photoautotrophic micropropagation of several plant species has been carried out at the Institute of Tropical Biology since the year 2000. In this paper, we show some results from the photoautotrophic growth of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), Dendrobium 'Burana White', grapevines (Vitis vinifera), Phyllanthus amarus (Schum. & Thonn.), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, as affected by different PPFs, CO₂ and ventilation conditions.

2. 
   Materials and Methods
   

For natural ventilation, microporous gas-permeable filter discs are attached on the hole of the lid or sidewalls of relatively small culture vessels like Magenta GA-7 with an air volume of 300 - 400 ml. The number of air exchanges or natural ventilation rate, of an airtight Magenta-type vessel is about 0.15-0.2 h^-1, while it varies from about 2 to 4 h^-1 or more if the vessel is attached by one, two or three microporous gas-permeable filter discs (10 mm in diameter each) with a pore-diameter of 0.45 µm [2]. As gas-permeable filter discs are currently rather expensive, and its high price is restricting the commercialization of photoautotrophic micropropagation, clean white papers for printing or writing letters, or plastic bags with paper filters attached against the walls have been recently used, which proves a good application of the new method in the micropropagation industry.

The CO₂ concentration and other gaseous concentrations in the culture vessel with natural ventilation are interrelated with a number of factors such as the metabolic activity of the plants in vitro, the plant size and leaf area, the number of air exchanges of the culture vessel and the culture room environment. Thus, the gaseous concentrations in the culture vessel with natural ventilation are often unpredictable and uncontrollable in large-scale production using large numbers of small culture vessels. Furthermore, it is difficult to provide a high number of air exchanges for a large culture vessel [5].This drawback can be overcome by the forced ventilation method, in which CO₂ concentration and air movement inside the vessel can be increased by flushing a particular gas mixture directly to the vessel, using an air pump or an air compressor, and, thus, ventilation rate can be easily controlled using an airflow controller [6, 7]. The advantage of this method is that a large culture vessel, which can accommodate thousands of in vitro plants, can be used for commercial mass micropropagation [8]. The ambient air of the culture room, containing CO₂ of aimbien atmosphere, was pumped into the inlet of a Bio-Safe Carrier box (Nalge Co., U.S.A.) through a microporous filter disc (φ = 50 mm) with pore size of 0.22 μm (Millipore, Tokyo, Japan) using an air pump (15 Watt, Model EP-9000, RAMBO Co., Taiwan). The volume of the box is 7 L. On day 5, the beginning day of using air pump, the flow rate was set at 0.3 l mim^-1, which is equivalent to 2.6 h^-1 when expressed by number of air exchanges, then gradually increased every 5 - 6 days using air flow controllers (Model RK 1150, Kofloc Co., Japan) in order to maintain CO₂ concentration measured at the vessel outlet as equal as the ambient CO₂, around 350 - 400 μmol mol^-1. The number of air exchanges in the forced ventilation experiment of Dendrobium was estimated to be 13.7 h^-1 on day 35, whereas, in the forced ventilation of grapevines, the number of air exchanges was estimated at 7.4 h^-1 on day 35. PPF applied to this experiment was 30 μmol m^-2 s^-1 on day 0 and was increased gradually during the culture period. Perlite or vermiculite (150 g per box) was used as supporting material with. Fifty explants were cultured into the large box or five explants into the Magenta-box (11.5 x 10² explants m^-2) for forced or natural ventilation treatments, respectively. All cultures were kept at 25  1^oC room air temperature, 65  5% relative humidity and 12 h d^-1 photoperiod period.

3. 
   Results and Discussion
   

E

Strawberry plants in vitro grew better in a natural ventilation system under photoautotrophic condition than photomixotrophic condition. The porous supporting material also promoted the growth in both photomixotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. The higher CO₂ concentration (1000 mol mol^-1) and PPF (150 mol m^-2 s^-1) increased the plant growth significantly when compared with ambient CO₂ concentration (400 mol mol^-1) and lower PPF (100 mol m^-2 s^-1). Furthermore, plants derived from photoautotrophic micropropagation produced more runners, which were preferred as explant source for propagation in the greenhouse, and within a shorter period than those of conventional micropropagation (Fig. 2).

4. 
   Concluding remarks
   

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