A. Grammar I. Phares of purpose
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- Điều hướng trang này:
- DIRECT SPEECH
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP KIỂM TRA HỌC KỲ II MÔN TIẾNG ANH 8 NĂM HỌC 2012 - 2013 A. Grammar I  . Phares of purpose: in order (not) to
so as to (not) to + infinitive : - > được dùng ñeå dieãn taû 1 muïc ñích. Ex: 1/ I study English well. I want to communicate with foreigners. I study English well to / in order to / so as to communicate with foreigners. 2/ She gets up late because she doesn’t want to go to school late. She gets get up not to / in order not to / so as not to go to school late. II. Can / Could / Will / Would + you + V . . . .? ( lôøi ñeà nghò, yeâu caàu) Ex: - Would you like + to-inf . . . ? - Yes, please / No, thanks .
III. adjectives 1. ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE : It’s + adjective + to - V - It’s dangerous to swim in that river. ( Bôi ôû con soâng ñoù thaät nguy hieåm.) - It’s easy to learn English. ( Raát deã hoïc tieáng Anh. / Hoïc tieáng Anh raát deã.) * Nhöõng Adjectives thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø: easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, lovely, interesting, nice, great… => It’s + adj + to V….. = To V .. + tobe + adj = V-ing.. + tobe + adj 2- ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN CLAUSE: Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause - They are delighted that you passed your exam. (Hoï raát vui khi baïn thi ñaäu.) - He was happy that you remembered his birthday. ( OÂng aáy raát vui khi baïn nhôù sinh nhaät cuûa oâng aáy.) * Nhöõng Adjectives thöôøng gaëp trong caáu truùc naøy laø: happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry… IV: The present perfect tense 1-Công thức: (+) S + have/ has + V-pp ( V-ed / cột 3 )................. (-) S + have / has + not + V-pp........... (?) Have/ Has + S + V-pp.................? -Yes, S + have/ has. -No, S + have/ hasn’t. 2- Cách dung: -Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra. Ex: She has just arrived at the airport. They have begun a new English class recently. - Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra không nhớ rõ thời gian. Ex: I have already seen that play. Have you ever been to New York? He has not repaired his car yet? - Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại Ex: I have learned English since 2000. I have learned English for 3 years. 3 – Các từ đi kèm: Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ), all + my/ his/…. + life. * Vị trí của caùc từ: - Just, never, ever, already đứng ngay sau have/ has. - Yet, before đứng cuối câu. *Notes: yet: chỉ dung trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi. For + khoảng thời gian. Since + mốc thời gian ở quá khứ. Never: mang nghĩa phủ định.
    S + V + O + C
S + be + PP +.... by+O *C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiÖn t¹i thêng:     S + V-s,es + O
S + am/ is/ are + PP + .... by+ O Ex: The workers make the pens. The pens are made by workers. *C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: S + V-ed + O
S + was / were PP + .... by+ O EX: I visited my grandparents last week. My parents were visited by me last week. *C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh:     S + have/ has + V- pII + O
S + have/ has + been + PP +....by+ O Ex: They have built this house since last week. This house has been built since last week (by them) *C©u bÞ ®éng cña c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:   S + modal + V + O
S + modal + be + PP +....by+O Ex:He can mend this bike. This bike can be mended by him. 2-C¸ch chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng: - X¸c ®Þnh chñ ng÷, ®éng tõ, t©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng. - T©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng chuyÓn thµnh chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng. - ViÕt be ë th× cña ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u chñ ®éng. - ViÕt ®éng tõ chÝnh cña c©u bÞ ®éng ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ. - Chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng chuyÓn thµnh t©n ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng, viÕt sau ch÷ BY. - NÕu chñ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n xng (they, he, she, we, you) hay ®¹i tõ bÊt ®Þnh (someone, everyone...) cã thÓ bá ë c©u bÞ ®éng. - §èi víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ë c©u bÞ ®éng, ta thªm BE vµo gi÷a ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu vµ ®éng tõ chÝnh (ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ) IV- HiÖn t¹i ph©n tõ vµ qu¸ khø ph©n tõ: V-ing and V-ed participles: Coù 2 loaïi Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases vÀ Past Participle Phrases. a. Present Participle Phrases: dieãn taû yù chuû ñoäng (Active), hoaëc “ñang laøm gì”. Thường duøng với người - The boy standing over there is Jack. - The boys playing in the garden are his sons. b. Past Participle Phrases: dieãn taû yù thuï ñoäng (Passive). Thường duøng với đồ vật
2- C©u yªu cÇu vµ ®Ò nghÞ:
Löu yù ñoäng töø ñöùng sau mind phaûi ôû daïng V-ing (Gerund) C  «ng thøc: Do you mind +V-ing
Would you mind - Do you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.) - Would you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baïn môû duøm cöûa soå.) * Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
* Neáu khoâng theå laøm theo yeâu caàu, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
C«ng thøc: Do you mind if I + V- inf ...... ? Would you mind if I + V-qkđ ......... ?
* Neáu ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
Neáu khoâng ñoàng yù, ta coù theå duøng 1 trong nhöõng caùch sau ñaây:
VI: Past progressive (+)S + was/ were + V-ing… (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing… (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing...? -Yes, S + was/ were. -No, S + was/ were + not. b-C¸ch dïng: - DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø. Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. - DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra th× hµnh ®éng kh¸c c¾t ngang. Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV.
- DiÔn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng cïng x¶y ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø. Ex: While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper.
At 8 o’clock last night, at this time, last week/ month/ year, when + QKĐ, while. * Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng chia ë th× tiÕp diÔn: Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish… -> past progressive with WHEN : S + was/ were + V-ing . . . when + S + V2 / ed . . . -> past progressive with WHILE : S + V 2 / ED . . . + while + S + was / were + V-ing . . . Ex: The doorbell rang (ring) while Tom is watching (watch) TV. VII-Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn víi always: Mang ý nghÜa than phiÒn vÒ ®iÒu g×: You are always getting up late in winter. Mai is always getting up late in winter. S + am/ is / are + always + V ing VII: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE 1. QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø: tell, show, point out, learn …
2. VERB + TO-INFINITIVE Nhöõng ñoäng töø thöôøng duøng trong caáu truùc naøy laø: start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, …
3. COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing Haõy nhaän xeùt caùch thaønh laäp tónh töø keùp trong caùc ví duï sau: - The people who love peace => The peace-loving people - The story that breaks our heart => The heart-breaking story. Haõy nhaän xeùt caùch thaønh laäp danh töø keùp trong caùc ví duï sau:
VII: REPORTED SPEECH
* C©u têng thuËt (hay cßn gäi lµ c©u nãi gi¸n tiÕp) lµ c¸ch nãi mµ ngêi ta dïng ®Ó thuËt l¹i hay kÓ l¹i cho ai nghe nh÷ng g× mµ ngêi kh¸c ®· hoÆc ®ang nãi. Khi ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp caàn thay ñoåi ñaïi töø nhaân xöng, t©n ng÷ (personal pronouns) cho thích hôïp. *Kh¼ng ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: “Please, V + ……., + (Tªn)” , S + said / told. Gi¸n tiÕp : S + told + O(tªn) + to + V……….. VD: “Please wait for me, Mary”. Tom said =>Tom told Mary to wait for him. *Phñ ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: “Please, Don’t + V + ……., + (Tªn)” , S + said / told. Gi¸n tiÕp : S + told + O(tªn) + not + to + V……….. VD: “Don’t talk in class!” teacher said. => Teacher told the students not to talk in class. b. Advice in Reported Speech: têng thuËt lêi khuyªn
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