ĐỀ CƯƠng và BÀi tậP Ôn luyện tiếng anh học kì 1 LỚP 10

1. 
   CÁC ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CHÍNH
   

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  Be-> am/ is/ are
  
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  Have-> have/ has
  

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  Use:
  

B. Diễn tả sự thật, chân lí

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  Trạng từ thường gặp: never, sometimes, usually, often, always, as a rule, normally…
  
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  Ex: Mr Vy usually gets up at 4:40 a.m
  

- Lan doesn’t know how to use a computer.

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  Use:
  

B. Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc thời gian cụ thể.

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  Trạng từ thường gặp: now, at present, at this moment, right now
  
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  Ex: - I’m learning English now
  

- What are you doing this evening?

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  Use:
  

B. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ để lại kết quả ở hiện tại

C. Diễn tả kinh nghiệm

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  Trạng từ thường gặp: never, just, ever, recently, already, yet, lately, for, since, so far….
  
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  Ex: - They have just built a hospital in this area
  

- How long have you lived here?

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  Be-> was/ were
  
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  Have/ has-> had
  

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  Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.
  
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  Trạng từ thường gặp: yestersay, ago, last….
  

- Peter wasn’t at home yesterday evening.

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  Use: Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm quá khứ
  
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  Ex: - I was watching TV at 5 p.m yesterday.
  

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  Use: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước 1 hành động khác ở quá khứ.
  
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  Trạng từ thường gặp: after, before
  

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  Use: Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai .
  
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  Trạng từ thường gặp: Tomorrow, next…….
  

- I will say goodbye to you before I leave Danang

- Mary won’t go to the party because she has to do her homework.

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise I: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.

1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.

2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.

3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.

4/ She (go) __________ to school every day.

5/ We (do) ­__________ this exercise at the moment.

6/ My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) __________ in the mornings.

7/ It (rain) __________ very much in the summer. It (rain) _________ now.

8/ Bad students never (work) __________ hard.

9/ He generally (sing) ________ in English, but today he (sing) ________ in Spanish.

10/ We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.

Exercise II: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.

1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.

2/ We (watch) __________ a good programme on TV last night.

3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.

4/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.

5/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.

6/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago.

7/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.

8/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.

9/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.

10/ Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past.

Exercise III: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.

1/ He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him.

2/ When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________.

3/ The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea.

4/ When it (rain) __________, she(carry) __________ an umbrella.

5/ We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain.

1/ We (go) __________ out when the rain (stop) __________.

2/ I (stay) _________ here until he (answer) __________ me.

3/ Wait until I (catch) __________ you.

4/ I (be) _________ ready before you (count) _________ ten.

5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) __________ out.

6/ Miss Helen (help) __________ you as soon as she (finish) ________ that letter.

7/ He (tell) _________ you when you (get) __________ there.

8/ She (not come) __________ until you (be) _________ ready.

9/ He (tell) __________ you when you (ask) __________ him.

10/ I (come) _______ and (see) ________ you before I (leave) _____ for England.

Exercise V: Supply the correct tense.

1/ They (just decide) __________ that they (undertake) ___________ the job.

2/ We (go) ___________ to the theatre last night.

3/ He usually (write) __________ in green ink.

4/ She (play) _________ the piano when our guests (arrive) _________ last night.

5/ We (do) __________ an English exercise at the moment.

6/ I (come) _________ as soon as my work is finished. (You be) ________ ready ?

7/ Where (you go) __________ for your holiday last year ?

8/ I (not leave) ________ Paris since we (go) _______ to Dieppe three years ago.

9/ My mother (come) __________ to stay with us next weekend.

10/ We (meet) __________ only yesterday and (already decide) __________ to get married.

11/ I (never see) __________ snow.

12/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring.

13/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months.

14/ I (lose) ________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) ______ them.

15/ Whenever you (go) _________ to town nowadays, you (spend) _________ a lot of money.

16/ They (prepare) __________ the Christmas dinner today.

17/ When I last (stay) ___________ in Cairo, I (ride) __________ to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ____________ the day before.

18/ I (finish) ___________ the book before my next birthday.

19/ “Hello! (You make) __________ a cake ?

20/ He (walk) __________ very quickly when I (meet) __________ him yesterday.

21/ We (meet) _________ you tomorrow after you (finish) __________ your work.

22/ Yesterday I (buy) ________ a new watch as my old one (be) _________ stolen.

II. Câu bị động: S+ BE+ PP+ BY+ O

• 
  Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
  

1. Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia.

2. My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S.

3. How many times have you / have you been fired?

4. How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation.

5. My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert

6. The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million.

7. A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker.

8. They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management.

Exercise 2: Change into passive voice

1. Somebody has stolen my bike. → ……………………………………………………………..

2. They have postponed the class meeting. → ……………………………………………………

3. They have built a new school near our house. → ……………………………………………

4. Has somebody informed Lan of the change? →………………………………………………

5. They haven’t finished their assignments. → …………………………………………………

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  chỉ người: who, whom
  
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  chỉ vật: which
  
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  chỉ sở hữu: whose
  
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  chỉ lí do: why
  
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  vừa người vừa vật: that
  
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  that = who, whom, which nhưng that không được dùng sau dấu phẩy và giới từ
  
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  Cách nối câu dùng mệnh đè quan hệ:
  

1. Have you got the money ……………..I lent you yesterday.

2. The man ……………… I had seen before wasn’t at the party.

3. This is a machine ………………..cost half a million pounds.

4. She’s the singer ………..has just signed a contract with a recording company.

5. The girl ……….was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.

6. What was the name of the man ……………lent you the money.

7. This is the boy ……………………….. I told you about.

8. Is this the letter ………………………….. you wanted me to mail?

9. The man …………. sat next to me on the bus turned out to be my friend's father

1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital

2. A waitress served us. She was impolite and impatient.

3. A buiding was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

4. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.

5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.

1. ....... the meeting's at 2.00, I won't be able to see you.

2. ......I told the absolute truth, no one would believe me.

3. My mother is always complaining................ the untidiness of my room.

4. I didn't get the job...................I had all the necessary qualifications.

5. ……his age, John was not hired ....................he had the necessary qualifications.

6. You can't enter this secure area....you don't have an official permission.

7.... it was sunny, it was quite a cold day.

8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted………the extreme heat.

9...........having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir.

10. Sarah can't climb up the tree...... her fear of heights.

Exercise 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means as the same as the sentence printed before it.

1. Because of the rough sea, the ferry couldn’t sail.

- > Because ……………………………………………………………….

2. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his life.

-> In spite of ……………………………………………………………….

3. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.

-> In spite of ……………………………………………………………….

4. There were a lot of accidents because of the icy roads.

-> Because ……………………………………………………………….

5. They went out in spite of heavy rain.

-> Although ……………………………………………………………….

6. Although his book was successful, he decided not to write any more.

-> In spite of ……………………………………………………………….

7. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.

- > Although ……………………………………………………………….

8. I wanted to see Mr Brown. I phoned his company.

-> Because I ……………………………………………………………….

9. Jenny ran fast but she didn’t win the race.

-> In spite if the fact that …………………………………………………

10.He didn't go to school because his illness.

-> Because he ……………………………………………………………….

V. Reported speech with statements: tường thuật câu phát biểu

- Nguyên tắc: a. Lùi thì b. thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng c. thay đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn

- say + (that) + clause

- tell + O + (that)

Here - > there Before - > ago/ earlier Last week - > the week before Next week - > the next week

Now - > then This - > that These - > those Today - > that day

Tomorrow - > the next day Yesterday - > the day before

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  Ex: - "I want to buy it"-> He said he wanted to buy it
  

1. " I won't have enough money to finish this job."-> He said ……………………………………….

2. " It's been a long time since I had such a good meal."-> She said …………………………………

3. " The weather may get much worse tomorrow"-> He told us ……………………………………..

4. " I think you should cut down on your smoking."-> The doctor told me …………………………

5. " We haven't been to the art gallery for ages".-> They said ………………………………………

6. " I always eats lots of fresh fruit and salad."-> She said ………………………………………….

7. " I'll see you tomorrow, John"-> Peter told John …………………………………………………

8. "You letter arrived yesterday" - > David told me …………………………………………………..

9. " I like this hotel very much"-> He said …………………………………………………………..

10. " I left my umbrella here two days ago."-> Susan told them …………………………………….

VI. Conditional sentence type 1: Câu điều kiện loại 1 (có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

If clause	Main clause
Hiện tại đơn	Will+ V1

Ex: - If you study hard, you will pass the next exam

- If you don't do your homework, you won't pass your exams.

1. If I see him, I (give)................him a lift

2. The table will collapse if you (stand)................on it

3. If he (eat)...............all that, he will be ill

4. If I find your passport, I (telephone)....................you at once

5. The police (arrest).................him if they catch him

6. Someone (steal) ………………your car if you leave it unlocked

7. If you (not go).....................away, I'll send for the police

8. If he (be) ................late, we'll go without him

9. He will be late for the train if he (not start) ..................at once

10. Ice (turn)..................to water if you heat it

VII. Wh-questions: Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (when, why, what, who, which....)

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  Nguyên tắc đặt câu hỏi:
  

b. Nếu trợ động từ sẵn có(to be, khiếm khuyết) thì đảo chúng ra trước chủ ngữ, không mượn do/ does/did nữa.

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  Một số từ hỏi khác
  

- How long:bao lâu

- How often: bao lâu một lần

- How many/how much: bao nhiêu

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  Ex: - What is he doing?
  

- Where will you go?

- What do you like best?

- How many books do you have?

1. I'm taking French this semester. →

2. She's staying there for two weeks. →

3. She is worried about the next examination →

4. I like English very much →

5. I began to study English six years ago →

6. They live in the city centre →

7. Last night I went to a disco with my friend →

8. I like "Tom and Jerry" because it's very interesting →

Exercise 2 Make questions, using the question words in brackets

1. Mr Robertson came to the party alone. (who) →

2. I like the red blouse, not the blue one. (which) →

3. She felt better after she took a nap (how) →

4. She talked to him for an hour (how long) →

5. My parents have two cars. (how many) →

6. They are coming to visit tomorrow (when) →

7. We have an English class every day. (how often) →

8. I like to dance on weekends. (what) →

VIII. Gerund and to infinitive: Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có to

Danh động từ	động từ nguyên mẫu có to
1. Đứng sau một số động từ: keep, like, enjoy, mind, practise, delay, miss, suggest, understand, finish, admit, look forward to....... Ex: - He likes swimming 2. Đứng sau giới từ(in, at, on, to, from, about...) - She is afraid of going there	1. Đứng sau một số động từ: hope, seem, expect, plan, decide, agree, refuse, wish, offer, promise.... Ex: We hope to see you again 2. Đứng sau tính từ, danh từ, từ hỏi, đại từ bất định, chỉ mục đích - It is difficult to do this exercise - It is time to go - I don't know what to do - Do you have something to eat? - She went to the library to borrow some books

Bài tập áp dụng:

Exercise 1: Supply the corrrect form of the verb in brackets.

1. It’s obvious he’s is only interested in (make)..................... money.

2. Ann couldn’t find a taxi so I offered (drive)........................... her to the station.

3. I managed (book)......................... two seats on the morning flight.

4. I promise (send)....................... you our new brochure as soon as it’s available.

5. Peter was delighted (meet) ......................a former colleague at the conference.

6. I avoid (take).................... the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.

7. My father hates (wear)...................... a tie to work

8. We can’t afford (take)........................ a vacation this summer.

9. The company was pleased (receive).......................... your thank-you letter.

10. Would you mind (open).......................... a window?

11. The children are fond of (read)...............picture books.

12. John is from London. He isn't used to(drive)........................on the right

13. Ba stopped (learn).....................Chinese 3 years ago

14.My teachers advised me (study)...............hard

15. Mr Johnson decided (get).......................another job.

16. Our class planned (go)..................for picnic

17. My daughter spends two hours (study)................maths every day

18. It's very nervous (take).................the exam.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences:

1. Shall we go for a ride?-> What about ………………………………………………………………

2. Would you please do it for me?-> Would you mind …………………………………………………

3. Let's get together next Sunday?-> How about ………………………………………………………

4. Let's go camping tomorrow.-> Why don't …………………………………………………………

5. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.-> I must apologize for ………………………………………

• 
  Ex: - The poor need help from the rich
  

1. ……....have to help ………

2. …………… in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately.

3. The little boy is helping ………………………cross the street.

4. …….......….. and …………. use a system of sign language to communicate with each other.

5. The government should take an urgent step to help …………………….. .

6. Don’t make fun of …………………………………..

Exercise 2: Choose the correct word between brackets.

1. The rich (is / are) ………….. not always happy.

2. The poor (is / are)……………not always unhappy.

3. The dead never …………….(return / returns).

4. The lazy can never …………….(succeeds / succeed).

5. The young (have / has) ……………the future in their hand.

a. used to+ V1: đã từng b.use: sử dụng c. be/get used to + Ving/ Noun: quen với

• 
  Ex:- He used to smoke a lot.
  

1. They .................live in Paris

2. Did you..........go there often?

3. We didn't ................recycle bottles until last year

4. No, You can't...........my car

5. Can I ..................this ticket on a later train?

1. They don't usually drink beer.-> They are not used to ……………………………………………

2. He gets up early in the morning and he is used to it.-> He's used to ………………………………

3. Today many American women often earn their own money.

-> Today American women are used to ………………………………….

XI. be going to: (sẽ) + V:

a. ý định có trước lúc nói

• 
  Ex: A: Why are you working so hard these days?
  

(ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ...

* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight, 'forecast, 'unkeep, 'upland, 'surname, 'subway ....

Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc

V + ment: ag'ree(thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + ance: re'sist(chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự chống cự) V + er: em'ploy(thuê làm) => em'ployer(chủ lao động) V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar(người ăn xin)

V + al: ap'prove(chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + y: de'liver(giao hàng)=> de'livery(sự giao hàng) V + age: pack(đóng gói) => 'package(bưu kiện) V + ing: under'stand(hiểu) => under'standing adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng)=> 'bitterness(nỗi cay đắng)

2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/

* Ex: a'bandon, 'pleasure, a'ttract, co'rrect, per'fect, in'side, 'sorry, 'rather, pro'duct, for'get, de'sign, en'joy

Động từ: trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.

Danh từ: trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1

EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse...

* Ngoại lệ: 'promise (n), (v)...

4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần: - ION, - IC, - IAL, - ICAL, - UAL, - ITY, - IA, - LOGY, - IAN, - IOUS, - EOUS, - IENCE, - IENT, - GRAPHY, - NOMY, - METRY