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VI.Subject-verb agreement



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VI.Subject-verb agreement

With fractions, percentages and indefinite quantifiers (e.g., allfewmanymuch,some), the verb agrees with the preceding noun or clause:


With a singular or non-count noun or clause, use a singular verb:

One-third of this article is taken up with statistical analysis.

Much of the book seems relevant to this study.

Half of what he writes is undocumented.

Fifty percent of the job is routine.

All the information is current

With a plural noun, use a plural verb:

One-third of the students have graduate degrees.

Many researchers depend on grants from industry.

Half of his articles are peer-reviewed.

Fifty percent of the computers have CD-ROM drives.

All the studies are current.

With a collective noun, use either a singular or a plural verb, depending on whether you want to emphasize the single group or its individual members:

Half of my family lives/live in Canada.

All of the class is/are here.

Ten percent of the population is/are bilingual.


The words majority and minority are used in a variety of ways:


When majority/minority mean an unspecified number more or less than 50%, use a singular verb:

The majority holds no strong views.

small minority indicates it supports the proposal.

When majority/minority mean a specific percentage, you may use either a singular or a plural verb:

75% majority have/has voted against the measure.

10% minority are/is opposed to the measure.

When majority/minority refers to a specified set of persons, use a plural verb:

A majority of Canadians have voted for change.

A minority of the students are willing to pay more.

Expressions of time, money and distance usually take a singular verb:


Ten dollars is a great deal of money to a child.

Ten kilometres is too far to walk.

Six weeks is not long enough.

Expressions using the phrase number of depend on the meaning of the phrase:


They take a singular verb when referring to a single quantity:

The number of students registered in the class is 20.

They take plural verbs when they are used as indefinite quantifiers

A number of students were late


* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

I.Choose the best option.

1. The snow was getting quite deep. I had __________ hope of getting home that night.

A. much B. little C. a great deal of D. a little

2. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got_____ patience.

A. some B. few C. little D. all

3. Would you like milk in your coffee? “ Yes, please________”

A. little B. a little C. a few D. some

4. Have you seen _______ good films recently?

- No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages.

A. any B. some C. a few D. most of

5. Can I have _______ coffee for my breakfast?

A. any B. few C. little D. some

6. ______ the Vietnamese people make their living by farming.

A. Most B. Most of C. Some of D. Many of

7. Don’t drink ________wine . It’s bad for your health.

A. many B. a few C. so much D. little

8. He had spent________ time writing an essay about his childhood.

A. a large number of B. a great deal of C. a few D. many

9. In spite of the heavy storm, some villagers were planning to rescue the injured climbers,

but ________ refused to do so.

A. many of them B. most of people C. few of farmers D. many of a number

10. The government is________ worried about the increase of the youth unemployment rates.



A. very B. much C. agreat deal of D. no

11. You talk too________ and you often do too________ tricks in class.



A. much / many B. little / much C. little / much D. many / much

12. _________the countries in that area of the world, perhaps Nigeria has the most potential.



A. Of all B. All of C. Most D. A great deal of

13. After doing the shopping, she had got_________.

A. a few money left B. little money left C. some left of money D. several of money left

14. The examination was not very difficult, but it was _________ long.

A. so much B. too much C. very much D. much too

15. Increasing _________ of fruit in the diet may help to reduce the rick of heart disease.



A. the amount B. an amount C. the number D. a number

16. While Southern California is densely populated,_________ live in the northern part of the state.

A. a number of B. many people C. few people D. a few of people

17. Nowadays, due to the increasing unemployment rate, young graduates have _____ opportunities

to find jobs.

A. little B. a little C. few D. a few

18. ________ of Asian students reject the American view that marriage is a partnership of equals.

A. The majority B. The many C. The number D. A great deal

19. In ______ people, the areas of the brain that control speed are located in the left hemisphere.

A. mostly of B. most C. almost of D. the most of

20. The__________ boy is very interested in football, but it is actually not good at playing it.

A. most of B. little C. some D. few

21.They knew _________ about him but they said they didn’t.

A. many B. a lot of C. much D. little

22. Although the government has taken certain measures to protect elephants, numerous threats remain for them.

A. too much B. a lot of C. some D. a few

23. The room is almost empty. There are very ________ people there.



A. few B. a few C. some D. several

24. The teacher gave us ________ difficult exercises. We could do only _____ of them and _____

of them couldn’t be done.

A. many / a few / most C. some / one / many

B. a lot of/ a little / some D. a great number of/ one / some

25. We have to delay this course because there are __________ students.

A. a large number of B. few C. some D. many



II. Choose the correct sentence A, B , C or D which is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions.

26. Hardly anybody applied for the job.

A. Nobody applied for the job because it was hard.

B. Anybody found it hard to apply for the job.



C. There were very few applicants for the job

D. Anybody applied hardly for the job.

27. The majority of the students in this college are from overseas.

A. Everyone in this college is from overseas.

B. No one in this college is from overseas.

C. Few students in this college are from overseas.



D. Most of the students in this college are from overseas.

28. The tourists were unharmed after the train crash.

A. All the tourists were injured in the train crash.

B. None of the tourists were injured in the train crash.

C. The train crash was not harmful for the tourists.

D. The tourists were very afraid after the train crash.

29. Had the announcement been made earlier, more people would have attended the lecture.

A. Not many people came to hear the lecture because it was held so late.

B. Since the announcement was not made earlier, fewer people came to hear the lecture.

C. The lecture was held earlier so that more people would attend.

D. Fewer people attended the lecture because of the early announcement.

30. Most of the students ignored what the teacher was saying.

A. The teacher was ignored what she was saying by most of students.

B. The majority of the students ignored the teacher’s saying.

C. Most of the students didn’t listen to the teacher.

D. Few students paid attention to what the teacher was saying.

31. The Prime Minister is unlikely to call an early general election.

A. It’s likely that the Prime Minister will call an early general election.

B. The likelihood is that the Prime Minister will call an early general election



C. There is little likelihood of the Prime Minister calling an early general election

D. The likelihood is great that the Prime Minister will cal an early general election

32. Had he known more about the internet, he would have invested in some computer companies

A. Knowing about the internet would help him invest in some computer companies.



B. He didn’t know much about the internet and he didn’t invest in any computer companies

C. Knowing about the internet , he would have invested in some computer companies

D. He would have invested in some computer companies without his knowledge of the internet

33. Some children give a great deal of thought to their future work.

A. Some children think a great deal of their given work.

B. Some children’s future work is given to them.



C. Some children think a great deal of their future work.

D. Some children thought a lot of their future work.

34. They have no knowledge of what to expect when they start their work.

A. They know little about what to expect when they start their work.

B. They don’t have little knowledge of what to expect when they start their work.

C. When they start their work, they think about their knowledge that they expect.

D. They hardly know of what to expect when they start their work.

35. He gave us and his classmates a lot of help in the study.

A. He gave many help to us and his classmates in the study.



B. He helped us and his classmates a lot in the study.

C. He offered much help in the study to us and his classmates.

D. They were given a lot of help in the study by him.

III. Find one word or phrase(A, B, C or D) that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

36. It was disappoiting that almost of the guests left the wedding too early.

A B C D

37. He has a great deal of books most of which are on science and technology.



A B C D

38. John had made several spelling mistake in his assignment so he didn’t get good marks.



A B C D

39. In the early days of the devolopment, cars used a large number of fuel, and now cars are more economical. A B C D

40. A number of the participants in the survey was 250 students for Oxford University.

A B C D


41. He had smoked so a lot of cigarettes that he died of cancer.

A B C D

42. There is only a few food for dinner. I think you should buy some more to eat.

A B C D

43. Although Mary has been inViet nam for 10 months, she knows a little Vietnamese.

A B C D

44. There is too many bad news on TV tonight.

A B C D

45. My friends can’t buy these jackets because they cost too many.

A B C D

46. If either of you take a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work.



A B C D

47. Because they had spent too many time considering the new contract, the students lost the

A B

opportunities to lease the apartment.

C D


48. Some the plants in this store require very little care, but this one needs much more

A B C D

sunlight than the others.

49. The company has so a little money that it can hardly operate any more.

A B C D

50. Athough the weather was not perfect a bunch of people turned out for the annual parade.

A B C



CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13
CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERBS)
* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT

A/ PHRASAL VERB (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ) là gì?

  • Phrasal verb (cụm động từ) là sự kết hợp của động từ và giới từ hoặc trạng từ (được gọi chung là tiểu từ - particle)

Eg: V+ prep: look for, look like

V+ adv: get away, take off

V+ adv+ prep: catch up with
B/ PHÂN LOẠI


Verbs + Particle + Object



Intransitive



PHRASAL VERBS







Transitive




Noun


Pronoun


Verbs + Particle + Object

(inseparable Phr. Verbs)

Verbs + + particle + Noun

(on , off, up, down, in, out, away)





  1. Nội cụm động từ (Intransitive phrasal verbs)

Là những cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ theo sau

Dưới đây là một số các nội cụm động từ thường gặp





VERB

MEANING

EXAMPLE

break down

hỏng,

That old Jeep had a tendency to break down just when I needed it the most.

catch on

phổ biến, thịnh hành

Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then spread eastward.

come back

trở về, trở lại

Father promised that we would never come back to this horrible pl

ce.come in

vào, bước vào

They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked.

come to

hồi tỉnh

He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again.

come over

đến thăm

The children promised to come over,

ut they never do.drop by

ghé thăm

We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped doing that.

eat out

ăn nhà hàng

When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes.

get by

xoay sở (tài chính)

Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives.

get up

dậy, trở dậy

Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own.

go back

quay về

It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania.

go on

continue

He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next.

go on (2)

happen

The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what wasgoing on.

grow up

trưởng thành, lớn lên

Charles grew up to be a lot like his fathe

.keep away

remain at a distance

The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victim's home.

keep on (with gerund)

continue with the same

He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined.

pass out

ngất, bất tỉnh

He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar.

show off

demonstrate haughtily

Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was going to show off.

show up

arrive

Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty minutes late.

wake up

tỉnh giấc

woke up 

hen the rooster crowed.










  1. Ngoại cụm động từ (Transitive phrasal verbs)

Ngoại cụm động từ là những cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ theo sau

E.g. 1. We are looking for my key

2. Remember to turn the lights off when going out.



    1. Ngoại cụm động từ có thể tách (Separable phrasal verbs)

Là những cụm động từ mà tân ngữ của nó có thể theo sau hoặc tách cụm từ đó ra thành 2 phần.

E.g. You have to do this paint job over.



You have to do over this paint job.

Nhưng khi tân ngữ của cụm động từ đó là đại từ thì cụm động từ đó thường phải được tách ra làm 2.



E.g. You have to do it over.


VERB

MEANING

EXAMPLE

blow up

explode

The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station.

bring up

mention a topic

My mother brought up that little matter of my prison record again.

bring up

nuôi dưỡng

It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays.

call off

cancel

They called off this afternoon's meeting

do over

làm lại, ôn lại

Do this homework over.

fill out

complete a form

Fill out this application form and mail it in.

fill up

lấp đầy, điền đầy

She filled up the grocery cart with free food.

find out

phát hiện, khám phá ra

My sister found out that her husband had been planning a surprise party for her.

give away

cho, phân phát

The filling station was giving away free gas.

give back

trả lại

My brother borrowed my car. I have a feeling he's not about to give it back.

hand in

nộp, đệ trình

The students handed in their papers and left the room.

hang up

gác, treo, móc

She hung up the phone before she hung up her clothes.

hold up

delay

I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the bathroom.

hold up (2)

rob

Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank this afternoon.

leave out

omit

You left out the part about the police chase down Asylum Avenue.

look over

examine, check

The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before questioning the witness. (They looked them overcarefully.)

look up

search in a list

You've misspelled this word again. You'd better look itup.

make up

invent a story or lie

She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a story about going to the movies with her friends.

make out

bịa (chuyện)

He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he was saying.

pick out

nhặt ra, chọn ra

There were three men in the line-up. She picked out the guy she thought had stolen her purse.

pick up

hái, lượm

The crane picked up the entire house. (Watch them pick itup.)

point out

call attention to

As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out the major historical sites.

put away

save or store

We put away money for our retirement. She put away the cereal boxes.

put off

postpone

We asked the boss to put off the meeting until tomorrow. (Please put it off for another day.)

put on

mặc (quần áo), đội, đeo, …

put on a sweater and a jacket. (I put them on quickly.)

put out

extinguish

The firefighters put out the house fire before it could spread. (They put it out quickly.)

read over

đọc lướt

read over the homework, but couldn't make any sense of it.

set up

arrange, begin

My wife set up the living room exactly the way she wanted it. She set it up.

take down

make a written note

These are your instructions. Write them down before you forget.

take off

remove clothing

It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt.

talk over

discuss

We have serious problems here. Let's talk them over like adults.

throw away

discard

That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away.

try on

thử đồ

She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one she liked.

try out

thử nghiệm

tried out four cars before I could find one that pleased me.

turn down

lower volume

Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down.

turn down (2)

reject

He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he wasturned down both times.

turn up

raise the volume

Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing aid.

turn off

switch off electricity

We turned off the lights before anyone could see us.

turn off (2)

repulse

It was a disgusting movie. It really turned me off.

turn on

switch on the electricity

Turn on the CD player so we can dance.

use up

exhaust, use completely

The gang members used up all the money and went out to rob some more banks.



    1. Ngoại cụm động từ không thể tách (Separable phrasal verbs)


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