Tài liệu Ôn tập Văn phạm Tiếng Anh HỘI ĐỒng bộ MÔn tiếng anh thpt
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A. KHÁI NIỆM Câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech) là câu tường thuật lại nội dung lời nói của người khác với một số chi tiết thay đổi trong câu sao cho phù hợp với ngữ cảnh trong khi tường thuật. Ex : - He said, “I like your bag.”
Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay gián tiếp. Khi đổi từ câu nói trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo từng trường hợp cụ thể. Các động từ tường thuật thường được sử dụng : said, told, asked, ... 2. Thay đổi thì (Verb Tenses) trong câu tường thuật.
Ex : - He said, “I am a taxi driver.” He said that he was a taxi driver. - He said, “I am living in London.” He said that he was living in London. - He said, “I have visited many famus places.” He said that he had visited many famous places. - He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.” He said that he had visited The Great Wall in China. - He said, “I will look for a better job.” He said that he would look for a better job. 3. Thay đổi về Động từ hình thái (Modal Verbs) trong câu tường thuật.
Ex : - She said, “I can swim.” She said that she could swim. - He said, “I must wear a uniform at work.” He said that he must wear a uniform at work. - He said, “I must go home now.” He said that he had to go home then. - He said, “I must finish it next week.” He said that he would have to finish it the week after. 4. Thay đổi về Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu, Tính từ sở hữu.
Ex : - He said, “I like my job.” He said that he liked his job. - He said, “You look like my sister.” He told me that I looked like his sister. - She said, “This isn’t my bag, it is his.” She told me that that was not her bag, it was his. - Maria said, “Your house is bigger than theirs, John.” Maria told John that his house was bigger than theirs. - She said, “I often make my clothes by myself.” She said that she often made her clothes by herself. 5. Thay đổi về các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
Ex : - He said, “I am working hard today.” He said that he was working hard that day. - He said, “They went to work late yesterday.” He said that they had gone to work late the day before. - She said, “I had lunch with my sister two days ago.” She said she had had lunch with her sister 2 days before. - Lisa said, “I will visit the Cap Town next week.” Lisa said she would visit the Cap Town the week after. 6. Trường hợp không thay đổi thì. a. Câu điều kiện và câu ao ước loại 2 và loại 3. Nếu câu nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện/ ao ước loại 2 (điều kiện/ao ước không thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại) và câu điều kiện/ ao ước loại 3 (điều kiện/ aoước không thể thực hiện được trong quá khứ), ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tính từ, ... mà không thay đổi thì trong câu. Ex : - “If my children were older, I would retire.”
- “If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently. He said that if he had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently. b. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý. Nếu câu trực tiếp nói về một sự thật, một chân lý hay một thói quen thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại ở hiện tại, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì của câu trực tiếp. Ex : - He said, “The earth revolves around the sun.” He said that the earth revolves around the sun. c. Động từ tường thuật Trường hợp động từ thường thuật ở thì Hiện tại đơn, Hiện tại tiếp diễn, Hiện tại hoàn thành hay Tương lai, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta không đổi thì và các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, mà chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tính từ Ex : - He says, “I am feeling ill.” He says that he is feeling ill. - “We will see you next week,” they say to us. They tell us they will see us next week. - “I was in London yesterday,” he has said. He has said that he was in London yesterday. C. CÁC KIỂU CÂU GIÁN TIẾP 1. Câu trần thuật (Statements)
Ex : - He said, “I have just bought a computer today.” He said that he had just bought a computer that day. - Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.” Linda told Bill there was someone at the door. 2. Câu mệnh lệnh/ Câu đề nghị (Commands/ Requests) S + ASKED/ TOLD/ ORDERED + O + (NOT) TO-INFI Một số động từ tường thuật khác : ADVISED, WARNED, REMINDED, INVITED, BEGGED, ... Ex : - He said to Bill, “Turn down the radio, please.” He told Bill to turn down the radio. - The landlord said to her, “Don’t cook in the room.” The landlord asked her not to cook in the room. - “Run away. It’s going to burn,” she said. She warned him to run away as it was going to burn. - “Don’t drive so fast,” she begged him. She begged him not to drive so fast. 3. Câu hỏi (Questions) a. Câu hỏi YES – NO
Ex : - He said to me, “Are you from Canada ?” He asked me if (whether) I was from Canada (or not) - The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address ?” The man asked her if Bill had told her his address. - The girl said, “Do you live near here, David ?” The girl asked David if he lived near there. b. Câu hỏi Nghi vấn từ (Wh- Questions)
Ex : - He said to them, “Where are you going ?” He asked them where they were going. - The teacher said, “When do you do your homework, Tom?” The teacher asked Tom when he did his homework. - The tourist said to me, How often does the train get in ?” The tourist asked me how often the train got in. D. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC TRONG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP 1. LET’S SUGGESTED + V-ing LET’S NOT SUGGESTED NOT/ OBJECTED TO + V-ing Ex : - “Let’s go to a movie,” said Jim. Jim suggested going to a movie. - “Let’s not come there by bus,” said Susan. Susan suggested not/ objected to coming there by bus. 2. WHY DON’T YOU WHY NOT SUGGESTED (+ O) + V-ing HOW ABOUT Ex : - “Why don’t you give her a CD ?” Tom said.
- “Why not leave them a message ?” the student said. The student suggested leaving them a message. - “How about having a picnic ?” I said to him. I suggested having a picnic. 3. SHALL WE SUGGESTED + V-ing Ex : - “Shall we go swimming this weekend ?” said Ann. - “It’s a good idea to go swimming this weekend ?” Ann suggested going swimming that weekend. 4. SHOULD/ OUGHT TO/ IF I WERE YOU ADVISED + O + TO-INFI. Ex : - “You should see a doctor,” the teacher said. The teacher advised me to see a doctor. - “If I were you, I would take her advice,” Josh said. Josh advised me to take her advice. 5. COULD YOU PLEASE/ WOULD YOU LIKE ADVISED/ INVITED/ OFFERED/ ASKED Ex : - “Could you please show me the way to the airport ?” he said. He asked me to show him the way to the airport. - “Would you like to have a drink with me ? Mary said. Mary invited me to have a drink with her. 6. REPORTING VERB (+ O) + PREPOSITION + V-ing thank sb for : cảm ơn ai về ... warn sb against : cảnh báo ai về ... apologize sb for : xin lỗi ai về ... accuse sb of : buộc tội ai về ... dream of : mơ ước về ... insist on : khăng khăng đòi ... congratulate sb on : chúc mừng ai về ... complain about : phàn nàn về ... Ex : - “You’ve broken my window,” the woman said to the boy.
1. He said, “I will be here again tomorrow”. - ... 2. She said to them, “He’s lived here for four years” - ... 3. “I saw her this morning”, he said. - ... 4. They asked, “What time does the plane arrive ?” - ... 5. “Did they tell you when they left?”, she said to me. - ... 6. “Are you wearing your overcoat, Ann ?”, she asked. - ... 7. Mr. Smith said to me, “Where are you going on your vacation?” - ... 8. “Please pay at the desk”, said the assistant to the customers. - ... 9. “Come to the cinema with me”, he said to her. - ... 10. She said to me, “Don’t forget to send your parents my regards”. - ... 1. He said (that) he would be there again the following day. 2. She told them (that) he had lived there for four years. 3. He said (that) he had seen her that morning. 4. They asked me what time the plane arrived. 5. She told me if they told me when they left. 6. She asked Ann if she was wearing her overcoat. 7. Mr. Smith told me where I was going on my vacation. 8. The assistant told the customers to pay at the desk. 9. He asked her to come to the cinema with him. 10. She told me not to forget to send my parents her regards.
1. Jim …… Mary on winning the game. 2. I …… the boy against playing ball near the restricted area. 3. Daisy …… of being a famous singer worldwide. 4. Peter …… stealing the painting. 5. The man …… working together on the project. 6. He …… to help me finish my homework. 7. I …… my sister to lock the door. 8. John …… to take me out for a drive that afternoon. 9. The man …… us for letting him stay with us. 10. He …… me to have lunch with him.
1. “Sue, can you remember to buy some bread ?” - Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread. 2. “I don’t really think it’ll snow tomorrow.” - I doubt ….. 3. “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier.” - Jill apologized …… 4. “Yes, all right, I’ll share the bill with you, Dave.” - Brenda agreed …… 5. “No, I’m sorry, I won’t work on Saturday. Definitely not !” - Catherine refused …… 6. “Let’s go out to the café for lunch, shall we ?” - Wendy suggested …… 7. “It’s not true ! I have never been arrested.” - Larry denied …… 8. “If you like, I’ll help you do the decorating, Bob.” - Ann offered …… 9. “I’ll definitely take you to the park on Sunday, children.” - Tom promised the …… 10. “I really think you should see a doctor, Chris.” - William advised ……
1. The (A) sales manager (B) asked Laura why (C) had she (D) applied for that job. 2. (A) Yesterday Julia asked me (B) unless I could do (C) the shopping (D) for her. 3. I (A) told to my roommates that I (B) thought they (C) spent too much time (D) watching television. 4. My bank manager (A) wanted to know (B) that whether I (C) was taking much money (D) with me to France. 5. Elena asked Steve (A) who (B) had he (C) been to the cinema (D) with. 6. Ben apologized (A) not to help us (B) with the (C) decorating the day (D) before. 7. The other day my parents (A) asked me (B) what time I (C) had got home (D) last night. 8. It’s (A) widely (B) know that he’s (C) the best (D) in his field. 9. She (A) wanted to know (B) what company I (C) worked for (D) the previous year. 10. She (A) asked me (B) that (C) how much I (D) had bought my laptop.
Exercise 5 – Complete each sentence using the correct form of “say, tell, speak” 1. Rita ………her friends about her party and they……….they would come. 2. “How dare you ………to me like that?” the boss……….angrily. 3. Harold………..me that he would be home late. 4. I………….to the manager, and she……….she would meet you later. 5. Mary……..good-bye to everyone and left the party. 6. A translator………….the Prime Minister what the reporters were…….. 7. “Please don’t …………anything during the test,” the teacher………..her students. 8. “You’re lucky,” ……….Peter.”I………. you that you would win.” 9. I……….my boss that I………German, but he didn’t believe me. 10. “Look,” Melvin………..Lisa.”Why don’t you……….me what you mean?”
Exercise 6 – Complete the sentences to report what was said, using an-ing form of a verb. 1. It was nice of you to help me. Thanks very much. - He thanked ...... 2. I’ll drive you to the station. He insists. - He insisted ...... 3. I heard you got married. Congratulations. - He congratulated you ...... 4. It was nice of you to come to see me. Thank you. - She thanked ...... 5. I’m sorry. I didn’t phone earlier. - She apologized ...... 6. You’re selfish. - She accused ...... 7. “It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much.” - Mike thanked ...... 8. “I must have made a mistake in the calculations.” - Mr. Forest admitted ...... 9. “I’ll pay for the meal.” - Sarah insisted ...... 10. “Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.” - Neil suggested ...... 11. “I’m sorry I couldn’t come to visit you last summer.” - Kate apologized ...... 12. “I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!” - Dane congratulated ...... 13. “I wish I’d asked for his name and address.” - I regretted ...... 14. “We should take the jumper back to the shop.” - Jack recommended ...... 15. “You mustn’t drink too much caffeine.” - Martha warned ......
Exercise 7 – Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. Did you ...... good-bye to everyone before leaving? A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk 2. The notice ….. “No smoking in this area.” A. says B. tells C. speaks D. describes 3. When you ….. her if she’d work late, what did she ......? A. asked/say B. told/say C. asked/ tell D. told/tell 4. Melvin ...... whether New Castle would win. A. doubted B. promised C. warned D. refused 5. The detective …... Colin of murdering Lord Digby. A. said B. suggested C. accused D. threatened 6. Why didn’t you ...... us what you wanted? A. say B. tell C. talk D. speak 7. Could you please …… me how to get to the station? A. tell B. speak C. talk D. say 8. Jake …… for not phoning Angelina earlier. A. excuse B. sorry C. regretted D. apologized 9. The police …... local residents that everything possible was being done to catch the car thieves. A. insisted B. promised C. encouraged D. agreed 10. Two days after the launch, Houston reported the satellite …… A. to be missing B. that be missing C. that it missing D. being missed 11. The government has advised that tourists ………leave the country immediately. A. will B. can C. should D. would 12. She said that she didn’t remember who she …… the day before. A. has met B. had met C. was met D. met 13. He asked me …… I used to work. A. what B. who C. where D. that 14. Did Jeff …… breaking the ancient plate? A. agree B. admit C. accuse D. refuse 15. They asked how long I …… there. A. have been B. will be C. had been D. am being 16. Her father asked …… what she had told him was true. A. her B. that C. if D. about 17. I asked the old man …… his recipe for long life was. A. why B. whether C. that D. what 18. We wondered …… our neighbors managed to keep their garden so neat. A. what B. how C. where D. when 19. The waiter …… us to try the pasta. A. recommended B. suggested C. congratulated D. insisted 20. I asked the mechanic …… A. that it would take long to repair the car B. that if it would take long to repair the car C. whether it would take long to repair the car D. whether would it take long to repair the car 21. Noami asked her doctor ……
B. how many times should she take the medicine a day C. should she take the medicine how many times a day D. how many times a day she should take the medicine 22. Yesterday Howard and Marge …… A. asked me would I like to have dinner with them B. invited me to have dinner with them C. asked me if would I like to have dinner with them D. invited that I would like to have dinner with them 23. The inspector warned …… A. everyone not to touch anything in the room B. everyone that not touch anything in the room C. that don’t touch anything in the room D. everyone against not to touch anything in the room 24. The detective asked Phil …… A. where was he staying at 9.00 last night B. where had he been staying at 9.00 the night before
D. where had been staying at 9.00 last night 25. Excuse me, but I wonder …… A. would you mind opening the window? B. if you’d mind opening the window C. that if you would mind opening the window. D. you would mind opening the window.
THE PASSIVE VOICE Câu chủ động (Active) là câu mà chủ ngữ trực tiếp gây ra hành động do động từ diễn tả. Câu bị động (Passive) là câu mà chủ ngữ không trực tiếp gây ra hành động do động từ diễn tả mà là do một tác nhân khác (agent) Ex : - Mary wrote the report in the library yesterday. (Active)
- The report was written in the library by Mary yesterday. (Passive) (1) (2) (3) (5) (4) (5) Nguyên tắc đổi câu chủ động sang câu bị động (1) Đổi túc từ trong câu chủ động thành chủ từ trong câu bị động. (2) Thêm vào động từ BE theo đúng thì hoặc đúng dạng với động từ chính của câu chủ động. (3) Đưa động từ chính của câu chủ động thành quá khứ phân từ (V-ed/3) trong câu bị động. (4) Chuyển chủ từ của câu chủ động thành tác nhân gây ra hành động được viết sau BY. (5) Cụm từ chỉ tác nhân BY + O được đặt giữa Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và Trạng từ chỉ thời gian. Ghi chú : 1. Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là các đại từ nhân xưng, các đại từ bất định thì trong câu bị động không cần cụm từ BY + O. Ex : - Somebody cleans the floor every morning. The floor is cleaned every morning. 2. Câu chủ động có hai túc từ thì có thể được chuyển thành hai câu bị động. Khi lấy túc từ trực tiếp (thường là từ chỉ vật) làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động thì trước túc từ còn lại phải thêm giới từ TO hoặc FOR. Ex : - Jack gave Helen a rose on her birthday. Helen was given a rose by Jack on her birthday. A rose was given to Helen by Jack on her birthday. 3. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách thường đứng giữa BE và V-ed/3. Ex :
We are well treated by Mr. and Mrs. Smith. 4. Chúng ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không TO sau tân ngữ của các động từ : see, hear, watch, make, ..., nhưng khi những động từ này được chuyển sang dạng bị động thì sau chúng phải sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu có TO. Ex : - People saw him fall our of the window. He was seen to fall out of the window. 5. Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là NO ONE, NOBODY, NOTHING, NO + NOUN thì câu bị động sẽ ở dạng phủ định. Ex : - Nobody told me about her sich mother. I was not told about her sick mother. Một số dạng bị động đặc biệt.
Каталог: fr fr -> Thành Phố Đà Nẵng fr -> Mẫu số 08 Phụ lục III fr -> Thuyết minh tỉnh Bình Định giới thiệu sơ nét về tỉnh Bình Định fr -> Thuyết minh tỉnh Khánh Hoà fr -> Ngày xửa, ngày xua fr -> GIẢi tích tổ HỢp vd1 fr -> Để sp có cl thì phải nắm bắt nhu cầu của kh: Các pp qt cl: Ktr cl fr -> TRƯỜng cđn gtvt đƯỜng thủy II fr -> 1 Giới thiệu về phiên bản kế toán và các tính năng tải về 0.76 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
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