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Sản phẩm khoa học và công nghệ



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5. Sản phẩm khoa học và công nghệ

a. Cơ sở dữ liệu điều tra bao gồm 5000 điểm đo cường độ bức xạ, 600 điểm đo nồng độ khí phóng xạ, hàm lượng phóng xạ của 40 mẫu nước, 30 mẫu thực vật, 90 mẫu quặng và đá cùng các số liệu khác phù hợp với quy chuẩn quốc gia QCVN19 và QCVN 06 về môi trường khí và môi trường nước.

b. Báo cáo phân tích đánh giá sự gia tăng trường phóng xạ do hoạt động thăm dò, khai thác, chế biến khoáng sản chứa phóng xạ tại các mỏ Nậm Xe và Sin Quyền phù hợp với quy chuẩn Quốc gia QCVN19 và QCVN06 về môi trường khí và môi trường nước.

c. Đã công báo 02 bài báo Quốc tế năm trong danh mục ISI:

- Le Khanh Phon, Bui Dac Dung, Nguyen Dinh Chau, Tibor Kovacs, Nguyễn Văn Nam, Duong Văn Hao, Nguyen Thai Son, Vu Thi Minh Loan. 2015. “ Estimation of effective dose rates caused by radon and thoron for inhabitants living in rare earth field in Northwestern Vietnam (Lai Chau province). Journal of Radianalytical and Nuclear chemistry. Akare’moal Kiado’, Budapet, Hungary

- Chau Nguyen Dinh, Phon Le Khanh, Rawel Jodlowski, Jadwiga Pieczonke, Adam Piestrzynski, Hao Duong Van and Jakul Nowak “Natural Radiactivity at the Sin Quyen iron oxide copper gold deposit in Northern Vietnam” Acta Geophysica (đã nhận đăng)

Đăng 4 bài trên các tạp chí khoa học có uy tín trong nước, tổ chức 1 Hội thảo với 5 báo cáo tại Việt Nam (tháng 2/2014), tham gia 2 Hội thảo Quốc tế (Viet-pol lần thứ nhất 6/2014) và (Viet –pol lần thứ hai 11/2015) với 6 báo cáo khoa học

d. Đào tạo

- Thạc sĩ Đoàn Văn Tam đã bảo vệ thành công luận văn thạc sĩ “ Nghiên cứu sự biến đổi môi trường phóng xạ do hoạt động khai thác, chế biến khoáng sản khu vực mỏ đồng Sin Quyền, Bát Xát, Lào Cai” vào năm 2014. Người hướng dẫn khoa học GS.TS. Lê Khánh Phồn.

- Học viên thạc sĩ Lê Ngọc Hùng, đề tài “Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của môi trường phóng xạ do chế biến khoáng sản chứa phóng xạ khu vực công ty Supe Phốt Phát và hóa chất Lâm Thao”. Đã thực hiện xong khảo sát thực địa, xử lý tài liệu bắt đầu viết luận văn để bảo vệ vào tháng 4 năm 2017.

- NCS Nguyễn Thái Sơn đề tài “ Nghiên cứu đặc điểm phát tán phóng xạ làm biến đổi môi trường do hoạt động khai thác, chế biến quặng đồng mỏ Sin Quyền, tỉnh Lào Cai”. Cán bộ hướng dẫn GS.TS. Lê Khánh Phồn, PGS.TS. Nguyễn Văn Lâm. NCS đã hoàn thành hai chuyên đề tiến sĩ, công bố kết quả nghiên cứu trên 1 bài báo quốc tế, 4 bài báo trên tạp chí trong nước và 02 bài báo tại hội nghị Khoa học Quốc tế Việt Pol lần thứ 2 tại Hà Nội. Dự kiến bảo vệ luận án vào năm 2017

- NCS Dương Văn Hào, đề tài “ Rare earth, nature radionnuclides and selected rare metals in the iron oxides, copper and gold ( IOCG) Sin Quyen deposit, Lao Cai, North Vietnam. Cán bộ hướng dẫn: TSKH. Nguyễn Đình Châu. Trưởng nhóm nghiên cứu nhiệm vụ phía Ba Lan. NCS đã khảo sát lấy mẫu ở mỏ đồng Sin Quyền. Phân tích các mẫu đá, quặng, công bố được 03 bài báo. Dự kiến bảo vệ luấn án tiến sĩ vào tháng 10/2017

e. Đã đưa ra bộ chỉ tiêu môi trường phóng xạ có đầy đủ cơ sở khoa học đề xuất cho việc áp dụng

g. Lập quy trình phân tích hàm lượng các chất phóng xạ trong mẫu nước đo tổng hoạt độ α, β là 0,03 Bq/l và 0,05 Bq/l dung tích nước 1 lít; đo 238U là 0,05 Bq/l dung tích nước là 5 lít; đo 226Ra là 0,02 Bq/l dung tích là 2 lít (quy trình do TSKH Nguyễn Đình Châu soạn thảo)

h. Lập quy trình phương pháp xác định sự gia tăng hàm lượng, liều chiếu xạ do hoạt động thăm dò, khai thác quặng chứa chất phóng xạ phù hợp với QCVN19 và QCVN06 về môi trường khí và môi trường nước (quy trình do GS.TS. Lê Khánh Phồn soạn thảo)

i. Các bản đồ, sơ đồ địa chất khoáng sản, cường độ bức xạ, nồng độ khí phóng xạ, liều chiếu xạ tự nhiên, liều giá trị gia tăng, phân vùng ô nhiễm các vùng khảo sát: 18 bản đồ, sơ đồ phù hợp với thông tư số 18/2011/TT BTNMT ngày 8/6/2011.

k. Giáo trình “ Phóng xạ môi trường” tác giả NGND.GS.TS. Lê Khánh Phồn, PGS.TS. Phan Thiên Hương mã vạch xuất bản ISBN, 978-604-82-1542-0 do nhà xuất bản Xây dựng xuất bản tháng 8/2016.

6. Hiệu quả, phương thức chuyển giao kết quả nghiên cứu và khả năng áp dụng.

a. Các dữ liệu khảo sát môi trường phóng xạ và điều tra dịch tễ học dựa trên việc áp dụng các phương pháp và thiết bị hiện đại , có độ tin cậy cao đã được chuyển giao cho đề tài khoa học cấp tỉnh “Điều tra khảo sát dịch tễ học dân cư sống trong khu vực Mỏ đất hiếm của của huyện Phong Thổ, Tam Đường, Tỉnh Lai Châu” mã số 09.10.DTLC-KY được nghiệm thu năm 2014 với kết quả đánh giá xuất sắc.

Kết quả đề tài giúp lãnh đạo tỉnh và các cơ quan hữu quan có cơ sở khoa học quản lý hoạt động thăm dò, khai thác đất hiếm chứa phóng xạ bảo vệ môi trường và sức khỏe cán bộ, nhân dân

b. Quy trình phân tích mẫu nước, quy trình phương pháp xác định sự gia tăng hàm lượng, liều chiếu xạ do hoạt động thăm dò, khai thác quặng phóng xạ đã được triển khai cho các liên đoàn Địa chất Xạ Hiếm, Liên đoàn Vật lý địa chất, liên đoàn Bản đồ Địa chất Miền Nam dưới hình thức mở 3 lớp học tổng cộng 90 học viên

c. Hỗ trợ đào tạo 02 Tiến sĩ (01 ở Việt Nam, 01 ở Ba Lan), đào tạo 02 học viên cao học (1 học viên đã bảo vệ luận văn thạc sĩ năm 2014), cung cấp tài liệu và hướng dẫn 03 sinh viện địa vật lý làm đồ án tốt nghiệp (02 sinh viên đã bảo vệ năm 2015, 01 sinh viên đã bảo vệ đồ án 2016). Hướng dẫn 2 nhóm sinh viên làm đề tài nghiên cứu khoa học sinh viên

d. Đã xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu môi trường phóng xạ và dịch tễ học tại khu vực mỏ Đất hiếm Nậm Xe, Mỏ đồng Sin Quyền Lào Cai, khu vực công ty Phốt phát và hóa chất Lâm Thao, Phú Thọ thuận tiện tra cứu, có thể thường xuyên cập nhật số liệu để chuyển giao cho các cấp lãnh đạo và cơ quan khoa học liên quan có cơ sở khoa học, quản lý hoạt động thăm dò, khai thác, chế biến khoáng sản chứa phóng xạ, bảo vệ môi trường, bảo vệ sức khỏe cán bộ, nhân dân, phục vụ phát triển kinh tế bền vững.



Ngày tháng năm 2016

Cơ quan chủ trì Chủ nhiệm đề tài

GS.TS. Lê Khánh Phồn

INFORMATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS

  1. General information:

  • Project title: “Study on the impacts of radioactive environment to people due to the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive in the Northwest of Vietnam, and proposing preventive methods”

  • Code number: 01/2012/HDD-HTQTSP

  • Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Le KhanhPhon

  • Implementing institution: University of Mining and Geology

  • Duration: - According to the approved Contract and Project Description: 3 years (from 1/ 2012 to 12/2014)

  • Because the delay of budget, duration has been extended more 2 years, to 31/12/2016, (according to the Additional Description of Project;Approved by Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Training)

  1. Objectives:

  • Determining of the increase in concentration, radiation dose due to the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive in the Northwest of Vietnam and proposing preventive methods to use for environmental protection, people’s healthprotection and economic sustainable development.

  • Advantage of the help of cooperation between foreign partner to build a high Vietnamese research team, and training graduate students in advance processes, analyzing environmental samples with Vietnam equipment, publishing research results (according to research topic) on international scientific journal in the ISI category.

  • Building database on radiation environment and the situation of health of people living in the survey areas with high radiation doses in Northwest of Vietnam.

  1. Creativeness results:

  • Based on the legality of the radiation safety standards of IAEA (1996) and Vietnam (Circular 19/2012 of the Ministry of Science and Technology) on the levels of effective doses for the case of "radiation works" and the idea of Prof. Adam, University of Science and Technology AGH – Poland, about "local natural background radiation", the authors developed process of method to determining the increase in radiation dose due to the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive.

  • The process include the steps to divide the survey area into equal squares, ensuring that squares are geological heterogeneity and contain at least 30 survey points for drawingthe histogram. Determining the value of average radiation dose of each square, then determine the value of average radiation dose of survey area. Local natural background radiation is the value of average radiation dose of survey area before the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive. Existing dose is the value of average radiation dose of survey area after the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive. The increase of dose is the subtraction of those values.

  • Based on the definition of Geo-environmental model (Pham TichXuan. State project reports, Code: KC 08/06-10, 2011) to build Geo-environmental models. The environmental models include Geology – Radioactive - Geochemistry models; Drawing water environmental geochemistry map, sediment geo-environmental model, geo-environmental section of rare earth deposit in Nam Xe and copper mines in Sin Quyen.

  • Findingthe existence of uranium in copper ores at Sin Quyen mines: identified and taken photos of uraninite mineral with the size ~ 100 µm, it companion with chalcopyrite mineral, magnetite distribute mineral in copper ores at Sin Quyen mines. This finding clarify the distribution structure of radioactive materials, firstly uranium, into water environment of Sin Quyen copper mines from the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of copper ores.

  • With limited budget, this project did epidemiology surveys in high radiation dose area (due to the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive) and the control area (normal radiation dose area, far away from mines). Taking general medical examination for people and offices, besides reviewing medical examination documents in retrospect, doing sociology surveys, and especially collecting blood samples, CBC analysis, determining the blood components change. Thereby, determining the initial evidence of the disease symptoms of the people and officers in rare earth deposit in Nam Xe and copper mines in Sin Quyen related with harmful of radiation.

  1. Research results:

  1. Completed 100% workload of radioactive environment and epidemiology surveys: measuring environmental gamma: 5000 points; measuring radon concentration in air by alpha spectrometer RAD-7: 600 points; measuring total alpha activity from radioactive gases in air: 250 points; conducting samples and determining the particle size of aerosol samples: 50 samples; conducting and analyzing concentration of radioactive elements in samples: 40 water samples, 30 botanical samples, 90 rock and ore samples. Monitoring environment and measuring gamma, radon concentrations continuously 40 times in 3 days in radiation monitoring stations in Nam Xe and Sin Quyen. Taking medical examination for people and offices: 300 cases; conducting hair samples to determine uranium and thorium concentrations: 27 samples; reviewing medical examination documents in retrospect: 300 documents; collecting sociology surveys: 300 surveys; conducting and analyzing CBC: 300 samples.

  2. Completed 12 special subjects, include type 1 and type 2.

  3. Completed to build Geo-environmental model of rare earth deposit in Nam Xe and copper mines in Sin Quyen.

  • Geo-environmental model of Nam Xe rare earth deposits is displayed by radioactive geology model of rare earth ore zones containing radioactive and environmental geochemistry model of Nam Xe rare earth deposits.

  • Environmental geochemistry model of Nam Xe rare earth deposits includes below characteristics:

  • Water environmental geochemistry characteristics: “Water in Nam Xe area has pH in range from 6,84 to 7,22; average value is 7,06, characterizing of neutral environment. Eh redox varies from 118mV to 130mV; average value is 125,84 mV, characterizing of low redox (100mV32- , HC03-, S042-. While thorium donot participate in redox processes, but existing in natural state and suspended in water”.

  • Characteristics of geochemical of sedimentary environment: “According to analysis results of sediment samples in Nam Xe area: pH is in range from 5,63 to 7,91; average value is 6,65, characterizing of neutral environment. Eh value is in range from 194mV to 338mV, characterizing of high oxidize environment. This is a favorable environment for dissolving and transferring of uranium, combination of uranium ions with various anions, mainly include C032- , HC03-, S042-. While thorium do not participate in redox processes, but it able to create complex combination of ions and easily to be absorbed by rock minerals.

  • All of above characteristics of environmental geochemistry are favorable environment for dissolving and transferring of uranium, combination of uranium ions with various anions, mainly include C032- , HC03-, S042-. While thorium do not be dissolved, but can be absorbed by rock minerals.

  • Environmental geochemistry model of Sin Quyen copper mines includes below characteristics:

  • Water environmental geochemistry characteristics: Water in Sin Quyen area has pH in range from 6,3 to 8,75; average value is 7,3, characterizing of low alkali environment. Eh redox varies from 225mV to 395mV; average value is 295 mV, characterizing of high oxidize environment. Low alkali and high oxidize environment is favorable for dissolving and transferring of uranium.

  • Characteristics of geochemical of sedimentary environment: pH in Sin Quyen area is in range from 5,36 to 5,62; average value is 5,49, characterizing of low acid environment. It is favorable for dissolving and transferring of combination of uranium with valence of 6 in aeration zone. Therefore localized 5km2 of soil pollution area with uranium content of qu> 30 ppm (qu> 350 q/kg – out of standards for building materials of housing; allocating in the operation site, sifting factory and solid waste ground)

  1. Elucidated mechanism of radioactive dissemination due to the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive in research area.

  • Based on characteristics of geo-environmental model and analyzing documents of geological survey, geochemical and radioactive environment, special subject has elucidated mechanism and characteristic of radioactive dissemination due to the activities of exploration of minerals containing radioactive in rare earth deposit in Nam Xe, Lai Chau.

  • Mechanism of radioactive dissemination in water environment: in neutral environment (average value of pH: 7,06) and low oxidize (average value of Eh: 125,86 mV), uranium easily dissolves in water and spreads in surrounding environment. Content of radioactive elements in surface water is higher than groundwater due to the stronger of oxidation in, it leads to dissolving and transferring of radioactive elements are higher. In analysis results of 10 water samples, the contents of U, Ra, Th are normal levels, only 2 samples have content of Radi out of 0,4 Bq/l but still lower than safety standard.

  • Mechanism of radioactive dissemination in sedimentary environment: in neutral environment (pH value from 5,63 to 7,91; average value is 6,65) and redox from 194mV to 338mV, characterizing of high oxidize environment, uranium easily to be dissolved and transferred, while thorium do not be dissolved but easily to be absorbed by rock minerals. Because rare earth ore mainly symbiosis with thorium so the faculty of radioactive dissemination in sedimentary environment is not high.

  • Based on the scale of exploitation and processing, characteristic of geo-environmental, the existence of uranium in the copper ore and analyzing documents of geological survey, geochemical and radioactive environment, environment, special subject has elucidated mechanism and characteristic of radioactive dissemination due to the activities of exploration of minerals containing radioactive in copper mines in Sin Quyen.

  • Mechanism of radioactive dissemination in water environment: In low alkali environment (average value of pH: 7,3), high oxidize (redox varies from 225mV to 395mV, average value is 295mV), Uranium in the form of minerals exists as Uraninit easily to be dissolved and transferred in water environment. Uranium dissemination caused 14km2 of pollution area (total radioactivity of α, β are out of safety standards) in East and West operation sites, sifting factory, solid waste ground and waste water reservoir.

  • Mechanism of radioactive dissemination in sedimentary environment: low oxidize environment (average value of pH: 5,49) is favorable for for dissolving and transferring of uranium with valence of 6 in aeration zone. Radioactive dissemination, mainly uranium, caused to about 5km2 of soil pollution area (qu> 30ppm) in East and West operation sites, sifting factory and solid waste ground.

  • Mechanism of radioactive dissemination in air environment: Radon gas in operation site, sifting factory and solid waste ground downwind spreading out to resident area 2 to 3 km from operation site, it caused pollution area when radiation dose out of safety standards for residents (Equivalent equilibrium concentration of Rn in air NRntdcb> 100bQ/m3), pollution area about tens of km2.

  1. Determining the increase of radiation dose, estimating and proposing preventive methods for environment impacts due to the activities of exploration, exploitation and processing of minerals containing radioactive in research area.

  • Due to exploration activities in Nam Xe rare earth deposit, total annual current radiation dose H> 13,55mSv/year is dose levels need to begin consider interventions. Thoseinterventions mean the methods to reduce radiation dose under 10mSv/year. It can be use shielding solutions - as build thick brick of concrete walls for house, it had better not burrow the hillsides and build the houses leaning on hillside at the high radioactivity area - to reduce external exposure dose. To reduce internal exposure dose, it should to living in house on stilts, designing the house right on prevailing wind direction of South-Eastern, sealing gables and opening the windows at the frames of house to make the internal air can be blow out and using ventilators.

  • The exploration activities made increasing dose of Nam Xe rare earth deposits is out of 1mSv/year (increasing dose in North Nam Xe rare earth deposits is 3,73mSv/year). There are residents living in those mines survey area. According to radioactive safety standards of “Radiation works” of IAEA and Vietnam, increasing dose of 1mSv/year is out of safety standard for residents.

  • It is necessary to apply the interventions to reduce the increase of content and radiation dose in those mines area. It can apply measures presented above, as recommended by ICRP for natural radiation dose H> 10 mSv/year, to reduce the increase of radiation dose on residents. In the short term, it is necessary to move kindergartens, elementary schools out of mining areas, and prohibit pregnant and lactating women living in mining areas. It have to take annual medical examination with blood tests, including hemoglobin test to determine heredity of blood disease with the aim to clarify the harmful of radiation to residents living in mining areas.

  • In Sin Quyen copper mines area, the increase level of exposure dose of production area (group A staffs) is 2,48mSv/year, it is lower than 10 times of standards permitting. Therefore, production area (operation side, sifting factory) is safe in radiation now. Meanwhile, the increase level of exposure dose of resident areas locatedon high and airy of terrain is only 0,49mSv/year, lower than safety standards. While, resettlement area on the right bank of NgoiPhat, at the Northeast of operation site and sifting factory located in lowland and there are air inlet, enclosed brick wall houses, it causes wind convergence for resident houses to increase radon gas concentration in the air (Rn concentration from 150 to 250 Bq/m3, Tn concentration from 30 to 100 Bq/m3). The results is average internal exposure dosethrough breathing of residents living in resettlement area reach to 6,25mSv/year, up to 75% of total effective dose. The increasing value of effective dose for residents living in resettlement area reach to 3,4 to 8,04 mSv/year, average value is 5,63 mSv/year (Table 3), out of about 5,5 times of safety standards permitting. In addition, the survey result of delegation of scientific staffs from University of Scientific and Technology AGH, Poland and Hanoi University of Mining and Geology in February 2014 has indicated that all of water samples collected in mining pits, waste dumps, waste reservoir, NgoiPhat had 238U contents out of standards permitting. Therefore, it is necessary to apply preventive methods of radioactive dissemination cause groundwater pollution, surface water due to the activities of exploitation and processing of minerals in Sin Quyen copper mines.

  • In the fertilizer production process, the company has conducted Lao Cai apatite ore containing radioactive substances. It has increased the level of radiation dose at the site the company to 2,08mSv / year, it is 0, 42mSv / year Thach Son commune . The irradiation dose increases are much lower than the allowed radiation safety standards. The workers at the company only worked 8 hours / day, 5-day working week, in addition to the holiday, the New Year holiday. Working timein is only 2000 hours / year. Therefore, The dose increase level which they actually affected in the year (also called the effective dose) is 0,47 mSv/year. It is too low compared to radiation safety standards for professional staff is 20mSv/year.

  1. Determined a number of disease symptoms related with the harmful radiation impacts in Nam Xe rare earth deposits area.

  • Residents living in mining area with high radioactivity. The incidence of gastrointestinal, respiratory and ENT are higher than the other diseases. To compare with different ages, the rick to get diseases of residents in age > 18 is high, especially age > 45.

  • According to result of reviewing medical examination documents in retrospect: the highest incidences are gastrointestinal: 58% and respiratory: 15%. Characteristic of the incidence in female is higher than male (gastrointestinal: female 43,3%, male 68,6%; respiratory: female 16,7% and male 11,4%; other diseases: female 33,3% and male 14,3%)

  • Highest incidence by occupation groups is the farmers (female 87,1% and male 59,5%)

  • About 50% residents have unusual HST ratio; and over 90% residents have unusual MCHC ratio; the majority of residents have anaemia.

  • Residents living outside mining area (control area is Sin Suoi Ho commune): The unusual erythrocyte ratio of residents living outside mining area (outside anomalous radioactivity area) is lower than residents living inside and near to mining area (inside anomalous radioactivity area): unusual HST ratio is 10% lower than 35%-38%; unusual MCH ratio is 70% lower more than 20% of 92%-94%; unusual MCHM ratio is only 5% lower near than 90% of 92%-94%; unusual RED ratio is 10% lower more than 60% of 70%-72% of Nam Xe area.

  • More than a half (54,55%) residents living in contain radioactive of mining area have blood disease are determined that related with genetic factors. Blood disease with genetic factors is one of evidence of radioactive impacts to the health of residents living in contain radioactive of mining area.

  • In Sin Quyen copper mines area: Muong Do residents living inside mining area are affected by Radon concentration in the air, it is approximate with safety standards permitting. Uranium concentration in clean water (if using water of NgoiPhat) is higher more than 5 times of standards permitting, the increase of effective dose from 0,42 to 5,63 mSv/year (in resettlement area), this value is out of 5,63 times of standards permitting for the residents. However, residents in MuongKhuong are influenced by above factors in a short time (a couple of years to 8 years) but they have number manifestations of negative radioactive environment impacts, as weak habitus, easily to get acute infection, have incidence of respiratory, gastrointestinal disease higher many times than mine workers and residents living outside mining area.

  • The evidence of symptoms related with radioactive impacts is manifested 78,57% of Muong Do residents living in mining area have weak habitus, it is higher from 3 to 9 times than mine workers and residents living outside mining area; Muong Do residentseasily to get respiratory disease (23,5%) and gastrointestinal disease (52,9%), it is higher many times than mine workers and residents living outside mining area. Electrophoretic hemoglobin test has not detected direct sign of radioactive disease (has not detected genetic factors in unusual symptoms of blood disease patients in Sin Quyen copper mines)

  • The symptoms of the disease of Commune people in Thach Son (neighboring company); officials and workers don’t directly involve with the harmful effects of radiation. The symptoms of respiratory diseases, ENT diseases of officials, workers and the people live in Thach Son commune concern the harmful effects of dust and gas that contains chemicals discharged in the production process impact to human health. Thach Son people have rates of cancer more than workers and the people of Cao Xa (under investigation in Sociology) is due to previous problems of water and gas treatment containing hazardous substances has not been thoroughly affect people's health and cause panic among the public.

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