Syncrip facilitates porcine parvovirus viral dna replication through the alternative splicing of ns1 mrna to promote ns2 mrna formation


Figure 3 PPV infection up‑regulates SYNCRIP expression in vitro and in vivo



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PPV.NS

Figure 3 PPV infection up‑regulates SYNCRIP expression in vitro and in vivo. PK-15 cells were infected with 1 MOI of PPV or mock infection 
for the time indicated, the mRNA level of SYNCRIP (A), the protein level of SYNCRIP (B) and the relative viral titers of different infection times were 
measured by TCID
50
(C). D‑E qPCR and western blotting analysis of SYNCRIP mRNA and protein levels in PK-15 cells infected with different doses of 
PPV (MOI = 0, 0.5, 1, or 2) for 24 h. β-actin served as an internal control. F–G Western blotting and qPCR analysis of SYNCRIP protein and mRNA levels 
in different tissues of PPV infected pregnant sows. H–I Western blotting and q-PCR analysis of viral VP2 protein levels and DNA copies in different 
tissues of PPV infected pregnant sows. β-actin served as an internal control. The results are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05, versus mock 
infected cells at same time points. 
#
p < 0.05, versus mock tissues at same tissue.


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Chen et al. Vet Res (2021) 52:73 
4) for 24 h. The results show that SYNCRIP expression 
significantly increased with the doses of PPV infection
and the expression level of SYNCRIP is associated with 
viral infection level (Figures 
3
D, E). These results dem-
onstrate that the expression of SYNCRIP is upregulated 
by PPV infection in vitro. To further confirm whether 
the expression of SYNCRIP is up-regulated by PPV 
infection in vivo, we examined the mRNA and protein 
levels of SYNCRIP in different tissues of pregnant sows 
infected by PPV. The results show that the mRNA level 
of SYNCRIP in major targeted tissues (spleen, lung, kid-
ney, ovary and uterus) increased compared to those in 
the nonpathological tissues (heart, liver and brain) of 
PPV-infected pregnant sows at 35 days post-infection 
(dpi) (Figure 
3
F). Consistently, SYNCRIP protein lev-
els varied in different tissues of control pregnant sows 
and also apparently increased in lung, kidney, ovary and 
uterus of PPV-infected pregnant sows at 35 days post-
infection (Figure 
3
G). Simultaneously, PPV VP2 protein 
levels and viral loads were higher in major pathological 
tissues (spleen, lung, kidney, ovary and uterus) than those 
in the nonpathological tissues (heart, liver and brain) of 
PPV-infected pregnant sows (Figures 
3
H, I). These results 
demonstrate that the expression of SYNCRIP was regu-
lated in PPV-infected cells and tissues.

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