Structure drills 1 Auxiliary verbs: short answers (01)



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133 be afraid of/risk + gerund

PEG 261, 271A


Alan and Bill are discussing certain actions by Tom. Alan suggests

a reason for them and Bill agrees.


A: I expect he didn't want to get wet.

  1. B: Yes, I suppose he was afraid of getting wet.

  2. B: Yes, he probably didn't want to risk getting wet.

Compare with Drill 71, be afraid to.


I expect he didn't want to ...


  1. miss the train.

  2. overload the car.

  3. get a parking ticket.

  4. have his licence endorsed.

  5. be sent to prison.

  6. annoy the boss.

  7. lose his job.

  8. break his neck.

  9. make things worse.

  10. wake everyone up.

  11. cause an accident.

  12. press the wrong button.

  13. touch live wire.

  14. electrocute himself.

  15. cause a scandal.

  16. upset his wife.

  17. catch a cold.

  18. spoil his new suit.

  19. shock the neighbours.

  20. attract attention.


134 be interested in + gerund

PEG 259
George wants Bill to co-operate with him and offers all sorts of inducements.

But Bill is not ambitious.
A: You might make a lot of money!

B: But I'm not interested in making a lot of money.


You might ...


  1. become a celebrity

  2. be invited to marvellous parties

  3. meet important people

  4. get an honorary degree

  5. appear on television

  6. take part in radio programmes

  7. influence public opinion

  8. travel first class all over the world

  9. go on lecture tours

  10. see your name in lights

  11. employ a large staff

  12. live in luxury

  13. drive a Rolls Royce

  14. buy an island in the Pacific

  15. marry two or three times


135 be/get used to + gerund

PEG 163
A new employee is being told about his job.




  1. A: You'll have to sleep by the phone. All right?

B: Yes, I', used to sleeping by the phone.
A similar interview, but with a different employee. Here the employee speaks first.


  1. A (horrified): You expect me to sleep by the phone?

B: Yes, but you'll soon get used to sleeping by the phone.
This man takes the job and doesn't find it as bad as he expected. A friend

sympathizes unnecessarily:




  1. A: You have to sleep by the phone!

B: Oh, I'm getting used to sleeping by the phone.

  1. B: Oh, I've got used to sleeping by the phone.

  2. B: Oh, I soon got used to sleeping by the phone.

  3. B: Oh, you soon get used to sleeping by the phone.

Other possible answers to (a) are: Yes, I don't mind sleeping/don't object to sleeping etc.,

or: But I'm not used to sleeping/object to sleeping etc.
You'll have to ... All right?


  1. clock in and out

  2. ask for permission to leave the premises

  3. work irregular hours

  4. do overtime

  5. sleep in a hammock

  6. man the switchboard at weekends

  7. remember the combinations of the safe

  8. wear uniform

  9. call the boss 'Sir"

  10. stand up when the boss's wife comes in




  1. carry a gun

  2. patrol the premises at night

  3. look after guard dogs

  4. set burglar alarms

  5. be responsible for security

  6. suspect everyone

  7. report anything suspicious

  8. keep a copy of your reports

  9. fill in forms in triplicate

  10. take the blame if anything goes wrong





136 feel like + gerund

PEG 97
One member of the family feels energetic; the other doesn't.




  1. A: Let's go for a walk.

B: I don't feel like going for a walk. (slight stress on feel)
This could also be used as an indirect speech exercise:


  1. A: Let's go for a walk.

B (reporting A's suggestion): He suggests/suggested going for a walk.
Let's ...


  1. walk to the village.

  2. take the dogs out.

  3. climb the mountain.

  4. run round the block.

  5. carry the boxes upstairs.

  6. play tennis.

  7. swim across the river.

  8. pick apples.

  9. look for mushrooms.

  10. move the piano.

  11. tidy the cupboard.

  12. roll the tennis court.

  13. prune the roses.

  14. saw up the dead tree.

  15. sweep the stairs.

  16. repaper the sitting-room.

  17. weed the rose-beds.

  18. paint the greenhouse.

  19. make a bonfire.

  20. rebuild the garage.


137 for + gerund (punish someone for/apologize for/get into trouble for)

PEG 98, 259


Tom is at a boarding school. His father has just received his half term report and is reading it out to his wife.
A: Tom broke sixteen windows during his first week!

  1. B: Well, I hope they punished him for breaking sixteen windows.

  2. B: Well, I hope he apologized for breaking sixteen windows.

  3. B: Poor Tom. I expect he got into trouble for breaking sixteen windows.

(Other constructions: A very indulgent mother might say, Oh, well, I expect they are used to boys breaking windows. Or she might just express surprise (and even admiration) by fancy/imagine + gerund: Fancy breaking sixteen windows!)


Tom ...


  1. kicked a football through the greenhouse roof!

  2. drove the headmaster's car into the village pond!

  3. refused to wear uniform!

  4. was rude to the school governors!

  5. cut down the goal posts!

  6. ploughed up the cricket pitch!

  7. put an alligator in the swimming bath!

  8. burnt down the gymnasium!

  9. wrecked the assembly hall!

  10. poured milk into the grand piano!

  11. sold the school tape recorders!

  12. cheated at exams!

  13. carved his name on the school door!

  14. rode his bicycle along the passages!

  15. wrote things on the walls!

  16. climbed in and out by the fire escape!

  17. woke everyone up when he came in!

  18. made bombs in the laboratory!

  19. tried to start a riot!

  20. brought the whole school out on strike!


138 have difficulty (in) + gerund

PEG 259
A: Did you find the house quite easily?

B: No, I had a lot of difficulty (in) finding the house.
Did you ... quite easily?


  1. fit everything into your case (Use my.)

  2. hire a caravan

  3. start the car

  4. read the map

  5. cross the river

  6. find a place to park

  7. persuade them to let you camp (Use me.)

  8. put up the tent

  9. light the fire

  10. keep warm

  11. understand him

  12. make yourself understood

  13. explain what you wanted

  14. arrange a loan

  15. raise the money

  16. cash your cheque

  17. get a visa

  18. renew your passport

  19. obtain a permit

  20. make ands meet



139 have difficulty (in) + gerund, find it easy + infinitive

PEG 259
This is an exercise in both structures and should be done by students

working in pairs.


  1. Prompt: open the windows




  1. A: Do you have difficulty (in) opening the windows?

  2. B: No, I find it quite easy to open them.

  3. B: No, I find them quite easy to open. (See note below.)




  1. Prompt: deal with the correspondence




  1. A: Do you have any difficulty in dealing with the correspondence?

  2. B: No, I find it quite easy to deal with it.

  3. B: No, I find it quite easy to deal with. (See note below.)

Note: I find it easy to open them/it implies that the speaker has the necessary skill.



I find them/it easy to open implies that it is easy to open them/it.
1–10 The hall porter of a block of flats is answering questions


  1. regulate the central heating

  2. organize the cleaning

  3. control the cleaning staff

  4. remember the tenants' names

  5. answer telephone esquires

  6. deal with complaints

  7. understand foreign tenants

  8. operate the switchboard

  9. read the meters

  10. get on with the tenants

11–20 A farmer is answering questions




  1. milk your cows

  2. fee the calves

  3. start your tractor

  4. tow that big trailer

  5. service your farm machinery

  6. obtain spare parts

  7. shear your sheep

  8. train sheepdogs

  9. obey all the regulations

  10. sell your produce


140 it's no use/good + gerund

it's no use/good me/my + gerund

PEG 261, 262


A: Why didn't you tell him?

(a) B: It's no use telling him.

or

B: It's no use telling him.



  1. B: It's no use me/my telling him. (normally with a slight stress on me/my)

  2. B: It's no use me/my telling him, but if you told him something might be done.

(stress on me/my and you)
Why didn't you ...


  1. talk to him?

  2. remind him?

  3. ask him?

  4. complain?

  5. suggest a remedy?

  6. make a fuss?

  7. ring him?

  8. refuse?

  9. speak out?

  10. threaten him?

  11. offer a reward?

  12. apply?

  13. resign?

  14. warn him?

  15. sign?

  16. strike?

  17. go to the embassy?

  18. demand compensation?

  19. leave?

  20. oppose him?


141 insist on + gerund, insist on me/my + gerund

PEG 262



  1. A: Tom painted the ceiling black, didn't he?

B (in resigned tones): Yes, he insisted on painting the ceiling black.


  1. A: You painted the ceiling black, didn't you?

B: Yes, Bill insisted on me/my painting the ceiling black.

(Bill made me paint ... would also be possible.)




  1. Tom ... didn't he? (b) You ... didn't you?




  1. wore a tie,

  2. changed trains,

  3. started at midnight,

  4. travelled in the guard's van,

  5. post-dated the cheque,

  6. sent for the Fire Brigade,

  7. burnt the film,

  8. took the dogs,

  9. wrote to the papers,

  10. slept in the attic,

  11. consulted a fortune-teller,

  12. pulled the communication cord,

  13. fetched a doctor,

  14. stopped the traffic,

  15. searched the house,

  16. rang the police,

  17. defused the bomb,

  18. marched in the procession,

  19. waited till the end,

  20. signed the petition,



142 in spite of + gerund

PEG 259, 329


Prompt: He spends very little.
A: He is quite rich.

B: But in spite of being quite rich, he spends very little.


The sentences could of course be joined by although/though.
Prompts are given in italics.


  1. He got the job. He knows no Spanish.

  2. He got there first. He started last.

  3. He remained sober. He drank a lot.

  4. She arrived in time. She missed the first train.

  5. They managed to cross the frontier. They had no passports.

  6. He doesn't make much progress. He practises a lot.

  7. She didn't lose any weight. She died for six months.

  8. He never made enough to live on. He worked hard.

  9. He never mastered the subject. He studied for ten years.

  10. He didn't take good photographs. He used very expensive cameras.

  11. She never looked smart. She paid a lot for her clothes.

  12. She is always late for work. She lives quite near the office.

  13. He passed his exams. He did no work.

  14. It didn't sell well. It was widely advertised.

  15. He was always looked on as a foreigner. He spent his life in this country.


143 look forward to + gerund

PEG 260B
A: When you get home, you'll b able to ski, won't you?

B: Yes, I'm looking forward to skiing. (Leave objects unchanged.)
When you get home, you'll be able to ... won't you?


  1. swim in the sea,

  2. skate,

  3. ride your horse again, (Use my.)

  4. meet your friends, (Use my.)

  5. speak your own language, (Use my.)

  6. drink wine,

  7. fish in the river,

  8. have a good holiday,

  9. sunbathe,

  10. show off your English, (Use my.)

  11. take your dog for walks, (Use my.)

  12. buy a lot of new clothes,

  13. earn more money,

  14. get a good job,

  15. continue your university course, (Use my.)

  16. start your training, (Use my.)

  17. hear the local gossip,

  18. go out without an umbrella,

  19. open a language school,

  20. write a book about your experiences, (Use my.)



144 make a point of + gerund


A: She came late.



B: Oh, she makes a point of coming late, She wants to attract attention.
She ...


  1. arrived in a Rolls Royce.

  2. parked the Rolls just outside the concert hall.

  3. refused to queue at the box office.

  4. argued about the prices.

  5. insisted on seeing the manager.

  6. kept everyone waiting.

  7. smoked very powerful cigarettes.

  8. used very strong scent.

  9. wore most extraordinary clothes.

  10. move her seat several times.

  11. fanned herself vigorously.

  12. said she couldn't hear. (Use can't.)

  13. clapped very loudly.

  14. shouted 'Encore'.

  15. drank double gins at the interval.

  16. complained of the bad bar service.

  17. contradicted the critics.

  18. offered to write the reviews herself.

  19. invited the soloists to dinner.

  20. left before anyone else.



145 there's no point in + gerund, what's the point of + gerund
PEG 98A
A: The shops don't open till 9 but we'd better be there by 8.

  1. B: But if the shops don't open till 9, there's no point in being there by 8.

  2. B: But if the shops don't open till 9, what's the point of being there by 8?




  1. The train doesn't leave till 9 but we'd better set out for the station at 7.

  2. We aren't allowed to take photos but I'll bring my camera.

  3. We can't park near the theatre but we'll take the car.

  4. The pills aren't any good but we may as well finish the bottle.

  5. We haven't any money but let's read the menus outside restaurants.

  6. It's a job for men only but I'll advise Ann to apply for it.

  7. None of the guests smoke but I'll provide them with ashtrays.

  8. Tom hasn't as chance of getting elected but I'll vote for him.

  9. Bill's plane doesn't land till 8 but we'd better be at the airport by 7.

  10. I'm sure it's not going to rain but I'll take an umbrella.

  11. They don't drink alcohol but I'll offer them gin.

  12. It's too cold to bathe but pack a swimsuit.

  13. My Alsation is quite harmless but I put up a notice saying, 'Beware of the dog'.

  14. I know he'll refuse but I'll ask all the same. (Omit all the same.)

  15. I don't want o buy anything but we may as well look around the shop.


146 succeed in + gerund, manage + infinitive
PEG 241, 259
A: He reached the top in the end.

  1. B (surprised): Oh, he succeeded in reading it, did he?

  2. B: Oh, he managed to reach it, did he?


He ... in the end.


  1. passed his driving test

  2. finished the portrait

  3. wrote his thesis

  4. started the car

  5. caught the plane

  6. reached the finishing line

  7. repaired the radio

  8. got his visa

  9. proved his innocence

  10. solved the problem

  11. climbed the mountain

  12. grew a beard (Use one.)

  13. fixed the aerial

  14. found a house (Use one.)

  15. recovered his property


147 hear + object + -ing
PEG 273
A noisy night.
A (tired and irritated): The dogs barked all night!

  1. B: I didn't hear them barking.

  2. B: I heard them barking, but it didn't keep me awake.




  1. The wind whistled (all night)!

  2. The dogs howled!

  3. The windows rattled!

  4. The stairs creaked!

  5. The mice squeaked!

  6. The rats ran about!

  7. The tap dripped!

  8. The pipes gurgled!

  9. The church clock struck the quarters! (Omit the quarters.)

  10. Water dripped through the ceiling! (Omit the ceiling.)

  11. Thunder rumbled!

  12. Chimneys crashed to the ground!

  13. People in the street screamed!

  14. Ambulance sirens wailed!

  15. Traffic roared past!

  16. The baby yelled!

  17. Owls hooted!

  18. Doors banged!

  19. The man upstairs groaned!

  20. My brother snored!



148 hear + object + -ing
PEG 273
Bill is living in a room formerly occupied by Andrew. Andrew asks if the other tenants are as noisy as they were in this day. Apparently they are! The walls and floors in this house are very thin!
A: Does Miss Jones still type all night?

B: Yes, I hear her typing.




  1. Does Mr Jones still sing in his bath?

  2. Does Peter Jones still whistle as he goes downstairs?

  3. Do the Smiths still quarrel?

  4. Does the Jones baby still cry a lot?

  5. Does Mr Brown's dogs still bark a lot?

  6. Does Mrs Brown still cough when she goes down the stairs?

  7. Does Mr White still walk about at night?

  8. Do Mr and Mrs White still argue all the time?

  9. Does Mr White's alarm clock still go off at six?

  10. Does Mr White still swear when it goes off?

  11. Does Mrs Smith still hoover every morning?

  12. Does she still use her sewing machine every afternoon?

  13. Do the Smith girls still tap-dance?

  14. Does the Smith boy still practise the violin all night?

  15. Do the other tenants complain about this?

  16. Does Mrs Smith still nag at her husband?

  17. Does Mr White still hammer on the walls?

  18. Do the children still scream at each other?

  19. Do they still run up and down the corridors?

  20. Do they still bang on the doors as they pass? (Keep on the doors.)


149 hear + object + -ing

hear + object + -ing + infinitive without to

PEG 273
A: Are you sure Tom left?



  1. B: Yes, I heard him leaving.

  2. B: Yes, I heard him leave.

A: Are you sure he told Ann?



  1. B: Yes, I heard him telling her.

  2. B: Yes, I heard him tell her.


Are you sure ...


  1. Tom booked the tickets?

  2. Jack invited Mrs Jones?

  3. Mrs Jones accepted the invitation?

  4. Mary told her husband?

  5. The lift doors shut?

  6. Peter wound the clock?

  7. the bell rang?

  8. they accused Bill?

  9. the bus stopped?

  10. the ice cracked?

  11. George spoke o Mary?

  12. the passengers shouted at the driver?

  13. the driver apologized?

  14. Ann asked for the keys?

  15. Peter complained about the delay?

  16. the official explained?

  17. Ann cancelled her reservation?

  18. he threatened his students?

  19. the students laughed?

  20. they opened the champagne?



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