NỘi dung và BÀi tập tham khảO Ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn tiếng anh lớP 12 CÁch pháT ÂM "S" cuốI

b. They let him go out ---> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out.

Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted.

→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job.

7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing

8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth

=>It is important for this exercise to be finished

- It is necessary to copy this lesson

=> It is necessary for this lesson to be copied.

- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed.

9- Các trường hợp khác:

a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED...

b.The present continuous: S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing

→ S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED...

Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker.

c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED

→ S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: Someone has stolen  the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen

d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED.

→Passive: Where were the drugs found ?

e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing .... )

→ S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED

  Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday

→ Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.

f.  The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED

Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm.

→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m

g-  Who + V + object ...... ? Passive: - By whom..... ? -  Who...... by  ?

Ex:           Who wrote this novel ?

→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ?

1. 
   People drink a great deal of tea in England.
   
2. 
   Tom was writing two poems.
   
3. 
   She often takes her dog for a walk.
   
4. 
   People speak English all over the world.
   
5. 
   A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.
   
6. 
   They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
   
7. 
   The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
   
8. 
   How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
   
9. 
   This well-known library attracts many people.
   
10. 
    My mother used to make us clean the house.
    
11. 
    He likes people to call him “Sir”.
    
12. 
    They are going to have someone repair their car
    
13. 
    People say that he is intelligent.
    
14. 
    He can’t repair my bike.
    
15. 
    Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
    
16. 
    Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
    
17. 
    They didn’t look after the children properly.
    
18. 
    Nobody swept this street last week.
    
19. 
    How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
    
20. 
    You need to do this work.
    

1. 
   They will construct some new airports on islands.
   

2. 
   The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like.
   

3. 
   They are going to find out the mystery.
   

4. 
   You can buy videos like this one anywhere.
   

5. 
   Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor.
   

6. 
   They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive.
   

7. 
   Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day.
   

8. 
   When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
   

9. 
   Where will your company send you next year?
   

10. 
    They ought to have reported the accident to the police.
    

1. 
   Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) ………………………….. her a job soon.
   
2. 
   Good news! I (may + offer) ………………………….. a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.
   
3. 
   You (should + open) ………………….. the wine about three hours before you use it.
   
4. 
   You (mustn’t + move) …………………………..this man; he is too ill. He (will + have to + leave) ………………………….. here.
   
5. 
   You (must + take) …………………………..those books back to the library yesterday.
   
6. 
   We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) ……………………………
   
7. 
   You (must + keep) ………………………….. meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
   
8. 
   I (had better + wash) ……………….. my clothes today, or they will be very smelly.
   
9. 
   Someone (should + tell) ………………………….. James the news immediately.
   
10. 
    This application (be supposed to + send) ………….. to the personnel department soon.
    

1. 
   I shouldn’t ………. so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
   

2. The profits are supposed …………………. among the shareholders.

A. to divide B. to be divided C. dividing D. being divided

3. When you are on duty, your uniform must …………………. at all times.

A. wear B. be wear C. be worn D. be wearing

4. You promised her a letter; you ought to …………………. days ago.

A. write B. be writing C. have written D. be written

5.After the test papers …………………. to the students in class tomorrow, the students …………………. their next assignment.

A. will return – will be given B. will be returned – are given

C. are returning – are giving D. are returned – will be given

6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …………………. in half.

A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided

7. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.

A. see B. be seen C. being seen D. sees

8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must………………….

A. have been married B. be married C. marry D. have married

9. A child should …………………. everything he or she wants.

A. gives B. give C. have been given D. be given

10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing …………………. encouraged.

A. should be B should C. be D. have

11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must ……. by one of the students in earlier class.

A. be left B. have been left C. leave D. have left

12. You had better ………………….your chores before Mom gets home.

A. be finished B. have finished C. have been finished D. finish

13. These books will have to …………………. to the library tomorrow.

A. return B. have returned C. being returned D. be returned

14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5^th, and now it’s already the 8^th. Her birthday card …. a week ago.

A. will be sent B. can be sent

C. should have been sent D. should have sent

15. You …………………. me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met.

A. don’t have to introduce B. mustn’t be introduced

C. shouldn’t introduce D. mustn’t introduce

16. Bill ………………….Ann to the party tomorrow.

A. will be invited B. will invite C. will have invited D. will have been invited.

17. A new hospital ………………….in this area.

A. are going to be built B. builds C. is going to be built D. is going to build

18. Mike …………………. What’s going on in his English class.

A. can’t understand B. can’t be understood

C. could have understood D. could have been understood

19. Our test papers ………………….by our teachers now.

A. are marking B. are being marked C. will mark D. will be marked

20. ………………….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?

A. Did you feed B. Were you fed C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding

Exercise 5: Multiple choices

1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing

2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.

A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole

3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.

A. will be accomplished B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. accomplishes

4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928

A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered

C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover

5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.

A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising

6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.

A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily

7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world.

A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered D. consider

8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.

A. been repaired B. being repaired C. repaired D. repairing

9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.

A. were shown B. had been shown C. have been shown D. have shown

10. George is --------------- Lisa.

A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to

11. Somebody cleans the room every day.

A. The room every day is cleaned B. The room is every day cleaned

C. The room is cleaned every day D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day

12. They cancelled all flights because of fog.

A. All flights because of fog were cancelled. B. All flights were cancelled because of fog.

C. All flights were because of fog cancelled D.All flights were cancelled by them because of fog

13. People don't use this road very often.

A. This road is not used very often B. Not very often this road is not used

C. This road very often is not used D. This road not very often is used

14. Somebody accused me of stealing money.

A. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. B. I was accused of stealing money

C. I was accused of stealing money by somebody D. I was accused stealing money.

15. How do people learn languages?

A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people?

C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how?

16. People warned us not to go out alone.

A. We were warned not going out alone B. We were warned not to go out alone by people.

C. We weren't warned to go out alone. D. We were warned not to go out alone.

17. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.

A. The computer is being used at the moment.

B. The computer at the moment is being used.

C. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.

D. The computer is used at the moment.

18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.

A. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.

B. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.

C. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.

D. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.

19. We found that they had cancelled the game.

A. We found that the fame had been cancelled.

B. The game had been cancelled.

C. We found that the game had been cancelled by them.

D. The game were found to be cancelled.

20. They are building a new highway around the city.

A. A new highway is being built around the city.

B. A new highway is being built around the city by them

C. A new highway around the city is being built.

D. Around the city a new highway is being built.

1. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It __________of cotton.

A. be made B. are made C .is made D. made

2. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.

A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished

3. ________________ yet?

A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed

C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed

4. His car needs ________.

A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed

5. It's a pity but nothing ______________be done to improve the situation.

A. may B. should C. can D. has to

6. He was made__________smoking.

A. give up B gave up C. to give up D. giving up

7. We had a French architect ______________ our villa.

A. to design B. designing C. designed D. design

8. This car _____________.

A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year. B. was manufactured by Toyota in last year in Japan

C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota D. last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan

9. Some film stars...................difficult to work with

A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be

10. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy........................at

A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
Exercise 7: Find out the mistake:

1. When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk.

A B C D

2. English is believe to be an international language

3. He was seen go to the beach with some other people.

A B C D

4. We can’t go along here because the road is repairing

5. I remember to be taken to the zoo when I was a child.

6. The robbers arrested by the police last week have just escaped from the prison.

A B C D

7. That actress has had her dresses make there.

1. People say that playing football is the most interesting

A. The most important thing is playing football B. It was said that playing football to be the most interesting

C. It is said that playing football is the most interesting D. Playing football is said to be the most interesting

2. People say that he died in the accident

A. It was said that he was died in the accident B. It is said that he was died in the accident

3. 
   He is said to have died in the accident D. He is said to die in the accident
   

A. Has the window changed of the laboratory? B. Has the window of the laboratory changed?

C. Has the window of the laboratory been changing? D. Has the window of the laboratory been changed?

4. Tom bought that book yesterday.

A. That book was bought yesterday by Tom B. That book was bought by Tom yesterday

C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book bought yesterday by Tom

5. They have to hold the meeting in this narrow room.

A. The meeting had to be hold in this narrow room. B. The meeting has to be hold in this narrow room.

C.The meeting has to be holded in this narrow room D. The meeting has to be held in this narrow room.

6. No one has cleaned the floor for weeks.

A. The floor hasn’t been cleaned for weeks. B. The floor has been cleaned by someone for weeks.

C. The floor haven’t cleaned for weeks. D. The floor are had cleaned for weeks

7. The teacher is going to tell a story.

A. A story is going to be told by the teacher. B. A story is going to tell by the teacher.

C. A story be told by the teacher. D. A story is going to tell the teacher.

8. Someone was cleaning the room when I arrived.

A. The room cleaned when I arrived. B. The room was being cleaned when I arrived

C. The room was cleaned when I arrived. D. The room was cleaning when I arrived

9. We will finish the report in time.

A. The report will finish in time. B. The report will be finish in time.

C. The report will be finished in time. D. The report is finished in time

Exercise 9 : Change into the passive voice

1. I need to wash my car.

My car_____________________________________.

2. They have just built a new primary school in my village.

A new primary school_________________________________

3. They are painting the kitchen now.

The kitchen______________________________________.

4. They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail.

The prisoner _____________________________________.

5. People say that the wanted man is living in New York

It _____________________________________.

6. They didn’t allow him write a letter to his wife.

He _____________________________________.
Exercise 10. Multiple choice:

1. The telephone ______________ by Alexander Graham Bell.

A. invented B. is inventing C. be invented D. was invented

2. Mr. Pike ____________the most famous archaeologist in our city.

A. says to be B. is said to be C. is said that C. said to be

3. Many people believe that God created the world.

A. It believes that God created the world.

B. The world is believed God created.

C. God is believed to create the world.

D. God is believed to have created the world.

4. _________to be the richest man in the USA.

A. Bill Gates B. Bill Gates says C. Bill Gates is D. Bill Gates is said

5. John is said to have been stolen the money.

A. It is said that John steals the money.

B. It is said that John was stolen money.

C. People said John was stolen the money

D. People say that John steals the money

6. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.

A. Many people say to be homeless after the floods.

B. Many people said are homeless after the floods.

C. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.

D. Many people are said to have been homeless after the floods.

7. They think visiting the pyramids is interesting.

A. The pyramids are thought interesting to be visited.

B. It is thought the pyramids are visited interesting.

C. Visiting the pyramids is thought to be interesting.

D. Visiting the pyramids is thought to have been interesting.

8. The skyscraper is said to have been built in 1930.

A. They said the skyscraper was built in 1930.

B. It was said that the skyscraper was built in 1930.

C. They are said the skyscraper is built in 1930.

D. It is said that the skyscraper was built in 1930.

9. They predict that a heavy storm will come in the area.

A. A heavy storm is predicted to have come in the area.

B. It is predicted that a heavy storm would come in the area.

C. A heavy storm is predicted to come in the area.

D. It is predicted that a heavy storm came in the area.

10. _________how the ancient Egyptian carried such heavy blocks of stone.

A. People do not know B. People have not been known

C. It has not known D. It has not known

11. John ______________The Great Pyramid of Giza.

A. said to have been visited B. is said to have visited

C. is said to have been visited D. said to have visited.

12. People say that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed.

A. It was said that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed.

B. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were said to be destroyed.

C. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have destroyed.

D. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have been destroyed.

13. It is believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb.

A. They believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb.

B. A buried treasure is believed that was hidden in the tomb.

C. A buried treasure is believed to hide in the tomb.

D. A buried treasure is believed to have been hidden in the tomb.

14. George ____________another trip to Greece.

A. is said to be planned B. said to be planned

C. said to be planning D. is said to be planning

15. _____________ some precious things stolen from that ancient tomb.

A. People knew that he buys B. It was known that he has bought

C. They knew that he has bought D. They know that he bought

16. The X-ray____________ in 1895.

A. is said to have been discovered B. is said to be discovered

C. said to have been discovered D. said to discover

17. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony______________ next weekend.

A. is going to be performed B. has been performed

C. will be performing D. will have performed

18. I hate_____________ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends

A. to be asking B. be asked C. being asked D. of asking

19. Reagan__________ an actor years ago.

A. is said to be B. was said being

C. was said have been D. is said to have been

20. It__________ that learning a foreign language__________ a lot of time.

A. says / is taken B. is saying / has been taken

C. is said / takes D. was said / was taken.

21. The trees________________.

A. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard

B. were grown in the backyard yesterday by John

C. were grown in the backyard by John yesterday

D. in the backyard were grown yesterday by John

22. __________________yet?

A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed

C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed

23. English has become a second language in some countries where __________for administration, broadcasting and education.

A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used

24. ___________ the room been cleaned yet?

A. Have B. Has C. Did D. Was

25. Lots of houses_____________ by the earthquake.

A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroying D. were destroyed

26. In the US, the first stage of compulsory education ________ as elementary education.

A. to be generally known B. is generally known

C. generally known D. is generally knowing

27. Education_________ to be the most important element to develop a country.

A. often be considered B. can often consider

C. often considers D. can often be considered

28. Portuguese___________ as an official language in this city for three hundred years.

A. has always been spoken B. has been spoken always

C. has always spoken D. had always spoken

29. More than ten victims____________ missing in the storm last week.

A. are reported to be B. are reported to have been

C. are reporting to have been D. are reporting to be.

30. This car_____________________.

A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year.

B. was manufactured by Toyota in Japan last year.

C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota.

D. last year was manufactured in Japan by Toyota.

31. I have my teeth checking by the dentist.

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

A B C D

1. 
   People say that prevention is better than cure.
   

2. 
   People suppose that Michael eats spiders.
   

3. 
   It is expected that the strike will end soon.
   

4. 
   The manager must sign the cheque.
   

5. 
   They haven’t seen their younger son for three weeks.
   

6. 
   They asked me some questions at the interview.
   

7. 
   Nobody told me about the meeting.
   

8. 
   Have you fed the chickens yet?
   

9. 
   They didn’t give me the information I needed.
   

10. 
    I never hear him shout at the children.
    

11. 
    My parents made me learn harder for the final test.
    

12. 
    No one has used that door for 20 years.
    

13. 
    They showed his photograph on television.
    

14. 
    I don’t want people to make me a fool.
    

15. 
    She dislikes people shouting at her.
    

1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit , Michigan.

A. manufacture B. have manufactured C.are manufactured D.are manufacturing

2. I still can’t believe it ! My bicycle ----------- last night.

A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole

3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.

A.will be accomplished B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. accomplishes

4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928

A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered

C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicilin discover

5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.

A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising

6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body . It gets into the bloods stream quickly.

A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily

7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world.

A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered D. consider

8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.

A. been repaired B. being repaired C. repaired D. repairing

9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June

A. were shown B. had been shown C. have been shown D.have shown

10. George is --------------- Lisa.

A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to

11. DNA tests ------------ accepted in our court cases.

A. are known B. were used C. have been D. will have

12. The child’s arm was swoolen because he -------- by a bee.

A. had being stung B. had stung C. stung D. had been stung.

13. Mr wilson is ----------- as Willie to his friend.

A known B. knew C. is known D. knowed

14. If you ----------- by the police for speeding , what would you do ?

A. stopped B. are stopped C. was stopped D.were stopped

15. His car needs ---------.

A. be fixed B. to be fixing C. to be fixed D.fixed

16. It ------------ that the strike will end soon.

A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected

17. These tennis courts don’t ----------- very often . Not many people want to play.

A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use

18. Each word in our mental dictionaries ---------- with its unique sound and meaning.

A. must store B. must be stored C. must is stored D. must to be stored

19. These instructions ----------- precisely.

A. must follow B. must followed C. must to be followed D must be followed

20. Tuition and fees --------- if a student withdraws after the fifteenth day of the team.

A. not refunded B. will not be refunded C. will be not refunded D. will not refund

21. When I was a child , I ------------ by my parents.

A. used to punished B. use to be punished C. use to punish D. used to be punished

22.An international conference --------------- in Hanoi next week.

A. will held B. will be hold C is going to hold D. will be held

23. The day of the meeting ------------------ again.

A. will change B. will be changed C.will has to be changed D.will have to change

24. Mary ----------- about our change in plans.

A. has told B. has just been told C. has been just told D.had been just told.

25.These books ------------------------ back to the library.

A. should have given B should give C. should have been given D.must have given

26. The earth----------- to be flat.

A. believed B. is believed C.was believed D. is considered

A. have attacked B. be attacked C attacked D. have been attacked

28. The flight to Hanoi-------------- because of the bad weather.

A. can postpone B. will postpone C.can be postponed D. can be postpone

29. Had there been your presence, everything ----------------- carefully.

A. would have arranged B. would have been arranged C. would be arranged D.will be arranged

30. A new hospital ----------------- in this area soon.

A. is going to build B.is going to be build C.is going to be built D. will build

31.Many species of rare animals --------------- seriously.

A. is endangered B. are in danger C. are threaten D. are threatened

32. The girl ----------------------- is now in hospital.

A. who injured in the accident B. was injured in the accident.

C. who was injured in the accident D. whom she injured.

33.The robbers attacked the police from behind.

A. The police was attacked from behind. B. The police were attacked from behind.

C. The robbers were attacked from behind D. The robbers are attacked from behind

34. They have to hold the meeting in this narrow room.

A. The meeting had to be hold in this narrow room. B.The meeting has to be hold in this narrow room.

C.The meeting has to be holded in this narrow room D. The meeting has to be held in this narrow room.

35. They showed his photograph on television.

A. On television they had his photograph shown. B. His photograph was shown on television.

C. His photograph is being shown on television D. The television was shown his photograph.

36. They began to build the bridge two months ago.

A. The bridge was begun to build two months ago. B. The bridge was begun to be built two months ago.

C. The bridge began to build two months ago. D. The bridge began to be built two months ago.

37. They saw him searching the truck.

A. He is seen searching the truck. B. He is seen to search the truck.

C. He was seen searching the truck D. He was being seen searching the truck.

38.His parents made him do it.

A. He was made do it. B. He was made to do it.

C. He made his parents to do it D. His parents were made do it.

39. The barber has cut my hair.

A. My hair has already been cut now. B. I’ve got to have the barber cut my hair.

C.My hair has become shorter and shorter D. I’ve had my hair cut.

40.People say that the American women are used to living independently means

A. It is said that the American women are used to living independently.

B.The American women are said to be used to living independently.

C.The American women are said they be used to live independently.

D.A & B are correct

41.People think that he was born in a rich family.

A. That is thought he was born in a rich family. B. He was thought to be born in a rich family.

C. That he was born in a rich family is thought. D. He is thought to have been born in a rich family.

42. It is impossible to do this work right now.

A. It is impossible for this work to be done right now. B. It is impossible for to be done this work right now.

C. This work is impossible to do right now. D. This work is impossible to be done

43. Close the windows of the room.

A. Let the windows of the room to be closed B. Let the windows of the room be closed.

C. The windows of the room are closed. D. The windows of the room will be closed.

44. They said that the president had arrived in the city.

A. The president was said to have arrived in the city. B. It is said that the president had arrived in the city.

C. The president was said to arrive in the city. D. It was said that the president arrived in the city.

45. He expects that his father will come back home.

A. It was expected that his father will come back home. B. His father was expected to be come back home.

C. His father will be expected to come back home. D. His father is expected to come back home.

46.Further tests / going / done / drug / soon

A. Further tests are going to done on the drug soon. B. Further tests are going to do on the drug soon.

C.Further tests are going to be done on the drug soon. D. Further tests are going to be done the drug soon.

47. This book / ought/ read/ on the spot.

A. This book ought be read on the spot. B. This book ought to been read on the spot.

C.This book ought to be read on the spot D. This book ought to have been read on the spot.

48.We / believe/ human life / can/ prolong / drug.

A. We believe that human life can prolong by the drug

B. We believe that human life can be prolonged by the drug.

C.We believe that human life could be prolonged by the drug.

D. We are believed that human life can be prolonged by the drug.

49. Our plan / might / cancel / due / lack of funds.

A. Our plan might be cancelled due to lack of funds. B.Our plan might be cancel due to lack of fund

C. Our plan might cancelled due to lack of funds D. Our plan might cancel due to lack of funds.

50. This car / need / wash / before / I / use / tomorrow.

A.This car needs to washed before I use it tomorrow B.This car needs to be washed before it is used tomorrow.

C. This car needs washing before it uses tomorrow. DThis car needs to be washing before it is used tomorrow.

RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

A. RELATIVE CLAUSES

- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.

- Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN.

a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH.

Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son.

à I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son.

- The woman is standing over there. She is my sister.

àThe woman who is standing over there is my sister.

b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH.

Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl.

à I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to.

- The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him.

à The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.

c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH.

Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars

à She works for a company which makes cars.

- The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages.

à The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big.

- Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó

Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents.

He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ)

d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định

Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son.

- The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister.

- I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to.

- The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher.

She works for a company that/ which makes cars.

- The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big.

* Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT:

- Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật:

Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London.

- Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much ....

Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.

All that is mine is yours.

- Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last

Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have.

- You are the only person that can help us.

- Trong cấu trúc It + be + … + that … (chính là …)

Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.

(Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.)

* Những trường hợp không dùng THAT:

- Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định.

Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.

- Sau giới từ

Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale.

e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-).

Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken.

à John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken.

- This is the student. I borrowed his book.

àThis is the student whose book I borrowed.

f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM:

Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers.

à Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.

- He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them.

à He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.

g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH)

Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night.

à The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast.

- The house is for sale. I was born in it.

à The house in which I was born is for sale.

* LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ.

a. WHERE (in/ on/ at ... which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn

Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place.

à The movie theater is the place where we can see films.

b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian

Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.

à Do you remember the day when we first met?

c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do

Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.

à Tell me the reason why you are so sad.

RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES

- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa.

Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week.

à I saw the girl who/that helped us last week.

* LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định.

II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses:

- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa.

- Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.

- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi:

+ Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/…

+ Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn

Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.

à My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.

- Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him.

à Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher.

- The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday.

à The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty

- The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise.

à The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students.

* LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định.

EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

12. I don’t like the films. They have unhappy ending.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

13. I know the man. His son broke your windows.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

16. She hasn’t eat anything. This makes her parents worried.

à………………………………………………….……………………………..

17. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

à…………………………………………………………………………………………

18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

à …………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course.

à…………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries.