NHÀ khoa học nguyễn văN ĐẠo với lý thuyết dao đỘng và chuyểN ĐỘng hỗN ĐỘN
tải về 3.08 Mb.
|
2. The case of arbitrary parametersSome concepts connected to bifurcationBifurcation is a concept used to indicate a qualitative change in the features of a dynamical system, such as the number and type of solutions, under the variation of one or more parameters on which the considered system depends. These parameters are called the control parameters, and parameter values at which bifurcations occur are called bifurcation values. A bifurcation diagram is a graph of the state variables versus the parameters [3,6,9].The bifurcation diagram provides a summary of the essential dynamics and is therefore an important tool for examining the prechaotic or postchaotic changes in a dynamical system under parameter variations. The Poincare’ map can be used to construct the bifurcation diagrams for continuous differential equations. When the data are sampled using a Poincare’ map, it is very easy to observe period doubling and Hopf bifurcations. It is useful because one characteristic precursor to chaotic motion is the appearance of subharmonic periodic vibrations. We’ll examine two following concrete cases: a) The frequency  is the control parameter b) The forcing amplitude  is the control parameter.
2.2 The frequency is the control parameter.
We go back to the system (1) with  ,  ,  =0.6,  = -1, = 5 and use the frequency as a control parameter. Poincare’ sections for orbits of this system are constructed by using the excitation frequency  . For each orbit of the system the discrete points ( ) are collected at time intervals of  (the period of the external excitation force). The bifurcation diagram shown in Figure 2 was generated by incrementing the control parameter in steps of  0.0001. The graph consists of the points  , where the values  correspond to the attractor realized at each value of  .
From Figure 2 it is clear that as increased through  , there is an abrupt transition from the point attractor to an aperiodic one, so a Hopf bifurcation of a periodic solution (the Poincare’ section consists of only one point) occurs. For  , the state of the system is periodic, when the control parameter exceeds the threshold value  , the system evolution is attracted to chaotic attractor, then the system undergoes a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. The attractors, both before and after the bifurcation, are shown in Figure 3(a, b). Figure 3(a) describes the periodic attractor with its Poincaré section consisting of one point (*) connected to =0.78. With  0.782 a chaotic motion occurs, Figure3(b) describes its attractor. We’ll consider this case more detail below.
With the values of the frequencies , the Poincaré sections consist of one point, the motions are periodic with the period equating the one of the external force. Beyond the periodic region occupying much of the interval  , there exists a wide interval in which for certain ranges of the parameter , the displacement  takes an infinite number of values; these states are aperiodic.
It is also interesting to see that within the aperiodic regions there are narrow intervals in which the motion abruptly becomes periodic again, for example, the region around the value  ....... In this interval, for every parameter , takes a finite number of values (more than one), so that the corresponding motions are subharmonic oscillations.
Каталог: edu edu -> KHỔ giấY, kiểu trình bày và ĐỊnh lề trang văn bảN a Khổ giấy edu -> * Cấu trúc câu giao tiếp Cấu trúc 1 edu -> Ủy ban nhân dân cộng hòa xã HỘi chủ nghĩa việt nam edu -> THÔng tin cá nhân họ và tên edu -> Thực hiện Chương trình công tác năm 2013 của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo edu -> Thiết kế dự án hiệu quả: Kỹ thuật dạy học Tài nguyên Các Tài nguyên Trực tuyến và Ấn phẩm về Chiến thuật Giảng dạy edu -> ĐẠi học quốc gia hà NỘi cộng hòa xã HỘi chủ nghĩa việt nam số 2100 /khtc độc lập Tự do Hạnh phúc tải về 3.08 Mb. Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
|