PART 1 THE FACTORS AND NATURAL CONDITIONS FOR THE SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE
THE FACTORS AND NATURAL RESOURCES FOR SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMET IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE. The condition of economic geographical location and politic in Vinh Phuc province
Vinh Phuc is located in the Northern key economic zone, the North share border with Thai Nguyen and Tuyen Quang, the West is nearly Phu Tho and the Southest closed to Ha Noi Capital. Vinh Phuc province has nine units administrative included: City of Vinh Yen, Phuc Yen Town, Binh Xuyen district, Lap Thach, Song La, Tam Duong, Tam Dao, Vinh Tuong, Yen Lac.Total natural area of Vinh Phuc province is 1231.76 km2. The annual average population in 2009 was 1003.0 thousand people (according to census on April 01st, 2009), in 2010 was 1010.4 thousand people. The population density was 820 people/ square km.
Township of Vinh Phuc province is Vinh Yen city, 50 km away from Ha Noi and 25km from Noi Bai international Airport.
Vinh Phuc province lies in the National Highway No 2 and railway line Ha Noi- Lao Cai, which was the connecting bridge between the midland and mountainous in the North and Ha Noi capital; adjacent to Noi Bai international Airport, throught National Highway No 5 with the Hai Phong Port and 18 roads running Cai Lan deepwater. Vinh Phuc has important role to the Northern key economic zone, especially to Ha Noi capital: Vinh Phuc economic development and Hanoi capital will contribute to accelerate the process of urbanization, industrial development, create jobs, reducing the pressure on the land, population, the social needs, tourism, service of Ha Noi capital.
The process of socio economic development of the country in the last year has given new advantages on economic geography of Vinh Phuc province, the province has become the component part in the belt of industrial development of the Province in the North. Simutanoully, the development of related domestic and international transportation corrider brought this province closer to the center of economic, industrial and major cities of the country and international of economic corridor Kunming-Lao Cai -Hanoi- Hai Phong and Highway No 2 Viet Tri- Ha Giang- China, 18 corridor road and Belt- Road 4 of Hanoi capital in the future.
Vinh Phuc’s geographical location has brought the advantages and disadvantages in process of socio economic development:
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Vinh Phuc province is located in the Northern key economic zone, nearby Hanoi capital, being more favorable in connecting and commodities trading, technology, engineering labor…but are also subject to strong competition from many sides.
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The system of external transport infrastructure has been investing with the modern, especially the main road which connected comprehensive relationship of Vinh Phuc province with others province of the whole country and international.
Topographical condition.
Vinh Phuc is situated in the transition zone between hilly midland areas with Red River Delta plains. Therefore, topography was lower gradually from northwest to southeast and divided into three ecological zones: Lowland, midland and mountainous area.
Natural mountainous area is 65.300 ha (Agriculture land: 17.400 ha, forest land 20.300 ha).This area accounts for the most of Lap Thach district area, Song Lo district, Tam Dao district and four communes in Binh Xuyen district, one commune of Phuc Yen Town. This region had Tam Dao Mountain which is precious tourism resources of the province and the whole country. This region has complex topography, it was difficult to build infrastructure, especially transportation.
Midland area is next to mountainous area, running from Northwest to Southest, This region had natural areas of 24.900 ha (Agriculture land 14.000 ha) accounting for most of the area in Tam Duong and Binh Xuyen district( 15 commune), Vinh Yen city ( 9 communes, wards) a part of Lap Thach and Song lo district, Phuc Yen town. Hills Land fund of the region can build industry and urban, fruit trees development, crops combined breeding cattle. There are many large lackes in the area such as: Dai Lai, Xa Huong, Van Truc, Lien Son, Dam Vac, which is the water supply source for productive activities, improving environment and tourism development.
Plain region has area of 32.800 ha, included the districts of Vinh Tuong, Yen Lac and a part of Vinh Yen Town, flat land create favorable condition for the development of infrastructure, urban population and appropriate for agricultural production.
The distinction of three significant ecological zones is favorable condition for province arranged variety forms of production.
Climate and hydrological
Climate: Vinh Phuc province is located in the tropical monsoon climate, humidity. The annual average temperature is 23,2 - 25 0c, rainfall of 1.500 – 1.700 ml; the average humidity of 84-85 %, with the sun shining of 1400- 1800 hours per year; the prevailing wind direction is Southeast blows from April to September, Southest winds blows from October to March the following year, accompanied by frost, particulary Tam Dao mountain has fresh temperature (average temperature of 180c) with lush mountain forest, suitable for development of tourism, leisure, sand entertainment.
Hydrography: Many rivers run through Vinh Phuc provinc, but hydrography depened on the two main rivers named: Red river and Lo River
Red river flows through Vinh Phuc province with the length 50 km, which was brought the fertile alluvial to soil but the time of riverhead water overflowed with rainfall concentrated in flood areas (Vinh Tuong, Yen Lac)
Lo River runs through Vinh Phuc with the length 35km, the terrain is hilly, the narrow River-bed with many waterfall, the flood of River rising up and down quickly.
The small River system such as: Phan River, Pho Day River, Ca Lo River are a lower impact hydro than Red and Lo River, but they had great significance for irrigation. This Rivers system combined with the main channel such as: Lien Son and Ben Tre channel…Providing irrigation water for rice fields, enabling drainage during the rainy season. The province also has a system of water reservoir with million of m3 water (Dai Lai, Thanh Lang,Lang Ha, Dam Vac, Xa Huong, Van Truc, Dam Thuy…) creating the abundant of water surface reservoir sources ensure good service for economic activities and livelihoods.
Hydrological lower than the Red River and the River Lot, but we have great significance for irrigation. This river system in conjunction with the main line canal channel Lien Son, Ben Tre channel ... provide irrigation water for rice fields, enabling drainage during the rainy season. The province also has a system of water reservoirs millions m3 (Dai Lai, Thanh Lanh, Lang Ha, Dam Vac, musk, Van axis, Dam Thuy ...), creating water reserves for the rich ensure good for economic activities and livelihoods.
Natural resource Water resource -
suface water source
Suface water of the province is plentiful thank to The Red and Lo River with the small River systems such as: Pho Day River, Phan River, Ca Lo River and a range of reservoir water ( Dai Lai, Xa Huong, Van Truc, Dam Vac…) reserve huge amount of water, it is enough to serve the production and living activities of people.
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Underground water source
Underground water reserves are not large, reaching about 1 million m3/ day and night. Currently, Underground water is being exploited in Vinh Yen city and Phuc Yen town with the capacity 28.000m3/day and night but requires expensive treatment. In some rural regions, people exploited underground water from extractions wells (with a flow of 15,000 m3/ day and night but limited quality.
Although water source is quite plentiful, the province is unevenly distributed in the year. It is existing of shortage of water in the dry season, especially in mountainous districts and midlands (Lap Thach, Song Lo, Tam Duong, Binh Xuyen).To ensure hamornious water sources for economic development, Its is neccessery to add construction of the water control and take the dractic measures to exploit additional underground water.
Land resource -
Geological structure
The province has two major land group named: alluvial and hilly
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Alluvial Lands
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Alluvial land, sand dunes, sand: approximately 127 ha, account for 0,09% of the natural area, distributed along the river, floating dumps are used a part to plant green crops, fruits of the earth and exploitation of sand, gravel
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Alluvial soilare annually consolidated by Red river, the main alkali neutral soil: Area of 6.167 ha, accounting for 4.89 % of natural area, mainly distributited in the communes of Vinh Tuong, Yen Lac, Lap Thach and So Lo District. This is a good soil suitable with most of agricultural crops, especially in the short day plants with high productivity.
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Alluvial soil without consolidation of land in neutral, less acidic, Not or weak glay: area of about 10,043 ha, mainly distributed in the communes of Vinh Tuong district in the dike.Yen Lac and Southern Binh Xuyen. Topography of the land is still high, average mechanical components, suitable for agricultural production.
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Alluvial soil without consolidation of land in neutral, less acidic, Not or strong glay account for 1,58% of natural area of province, distributed along the Ca Lo river, mainly in the Yen Lac, Tam Duong, Binh Xuyen districts. The land is still laying terrain, average mechanical components, and appropriate crop production.
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Light brown alluvial soil, little sour neutral, the annual consolidated by Lo River: an area of about 3,920 ha, mainly distributed in the Lo River, Lap Thach district. Land neutral, less acidic, with a porous structure, nutritious and suitable for crop production and short-term industrial crops, it is important to note growing season to avoid flooding during the rainy season.
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Alluvial land without compensation is light brown neutral, less acidic, no Glay or Glay weak, mechanical components from moderate to severe, relatively flat terrain accounts for 2.75% of the natural area province in accordance with the agricultural crops.
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Alluvial land without compensation is pale brown, neutral, moderate or strong Glay, low terrain, heavy mechanical composition, pH from 5.0 to 5.5: there is an area of about 1,020 ha, distributed in Tam Duong, Lap Thach, Lot River, Vinh Tuong district.
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Alluvial land without compensation, causing strong Glay flooded in the rainy season: Covering an area of 4,820 ha, accounting for 3.56% of the natural area, distributed in the low-lying terrain dyke, annual continuous flooding, Glay usually shallow, relatively humus rate, PH from 5.5 to 6.0, now being planted rice combine aquaculture.
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Intertile soils on old alluvium which has an area of about 6,400 hectares, distributed in Yen Lac, Binh Xuyen, Vinh Tuong Tam Duong district. Low-lying topography, soil is usually acidic or sour, heavy mechanical composition, land suitable for agricultural crops but low yield.
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Intertile soils on old alluvium which was approximately 15.49% of the natural area, distributed in most of the districts in the province, sloping terrain, wavy, poor nutrition, discrete surface,the main mechanical component is sand and silty sand.
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Steep hilly land not faded which has an area 11.230 ha, distribution concentrated in Lap Thach, Lo River, Binh Xuyen, Tam Duong District, formed along the low hills, creating small fields, and narrow ladder format.
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Sandy soil: Covering an area of about 300 hectares, concentrated distribution in Dinh Trung (Vinh Yen city) and scattered in the communes of Tam Duong district. Soil is formed by the impact of convergence products along steep hills, mechanical composition of sand and silty sand.
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Alluvial soil in the mountains: There are about 1,208 ha, distributed in Lap Thach, Song Lo, Tam Duong, along the riverine form fields long, narrow, high pH, light mechanical components , high water holding capacity, with intensive farming capabilities in this area.
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Boggy Soil: Distribution mainly in the Lo River, Lap Thach has approximately 900 hectares; crops can be grown in 2 years but need to pay attention to irrigation to wash the sour, anti groundwater.
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Hilly and mountainous land
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Province’s hilly are accounts for about one third of the natural area, including the following types of land:
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Land Feralitic change due to planting water rice non-discolored: about 4,850 ha area, concentrated in the northern district of Tam Duong, Binh Xuyen, Lap Thach, Lo River.
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Yellow brown Feralitic land grew on the ancient alluvial: Area around 2,300 ha, mainly in Lap Thach, Lo River, Vinh Yen, Phuc Yen. Land is often acidic, porous structure, mechanical components from mild to moderate, mainly crops, cash crops and forest trees.
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Yellow red Feralitic Land developed on mica schist background: Occupying about 2.1% of the natural area, distribution in northern Tam Duong, Binh Xuyen district and scattered in several places in Lap Thach district, land appropriate for the development of agricultural and forestry production, especially crops.
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Red or yellow Feralitic land developed on clay schist: an area of about 9,120 hectares, distributed in Lap Thach district, River Lo and scattered in Tam Duong, Binh Xuyen, Phuc Yen. This is forest land with high productive, in the slopes under 20o suitable for development of fruit trees, crops and others specialist.
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Red yellow or yellow gray Ferealitic land developed on magma stone sour: Area 1,900 ha, mainly distributed in Tam Dao, Lap Thach, Lo River and a part of Phuc Yen town. Soils, land surface, suitable for forestry development.
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Red yellow or gray yellow Feralitic land grew on quartzite sandstone conglomerate, breccia: an area of about 16 830 ha, distributed in Phuc Yen, Lap Thach, Song Lo, Tam Duong and Binh Xuyen, rocky inert soil, forest should be grew.
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Feralitic land in the hills has area of about 10.000 ha, altidute of 150- 500m, distributed in districts of Lap Thach, Lo River, Tam Dao Lo River, many places become baren hill, with plans to restore forest.
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Feralitic soil on the mountain has small area on the Tam Dao mountain range at an altitude of over 500m. In addition to forestry purposes can plant nurseries, medicinal plants, trees and vegetables winter cold countries.
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Strong erosion Feralitic land, inert rocks has an area of about 410 ha, located along national high way from Phuc Yen town to Vinh Yen city, mainly sloping strip of land.
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The status of land use
According to staristics of Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Vinh Phuc province, to 2009 (after adjusting administrative bounderies, separeted from Me Linh district).The province has total area of 123.176,43 ha, in which:
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Agriculture land: 85.034,72 ha, accouting for 69,0 %;
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Non- Agriculture land: 35.229,10 ha, accouting for 28,6%;
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Non-using land: 2.912,61 ha, accouting for 2,4 %.
The detail status of land using is showed by the table 1 as following.
Table 1 the status of land use in Vinh Phuc province
No
|
Type of land
|
Area (ha)
|
Structure (%)
|
|
The total of natural area
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123176,43
|
100,0
|
1
|
Farmland
|
85.034,72
|
69,0
|
1.1
|
Agriculture land
|
49.906,92
|
40,5
|
1.2
|
Forest land
|
32.804,62
|
26,6
|
1.3
|
Aquaculture land
|
2.283,44
|
1,9
|
1.4
|
Others farmland
|
39,74
|
0,02
|
2
|
Non agriculture land
|
35.229,10
|
28,6
|
2.1
|
Home land
|
7.579,03
|
6,2
|
2.2
|
Special using land
|
18.679,84
|
15,2
|
2.3
|
Religious beliefs land
|
169,63
|
0,1
|
2.4
|
Land for cemeteries, graveyards
|
820,15
|
0,7
|
2.5
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River stream, and water surface
|
7965,75
|
6,5
|
2.6
|
Other non agriculture land
|
14,7
|
0,01
|
3
|
Non unused land
|
2.912,61
|
2,4
|
3.1
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unused plain land
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917,8
|
0,7
|
3.2
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unused hill land
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1772,48
|
1,4
|
3.3
|
Rocky mountain without trees
|
222,25
|
0,2
|
Source: Department of Natural resource and Environment in Vinh Phuc province in 2009
The status of land use in the each sector as following:
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Agriculture land
Vinh Phuc province has 85.034,72 ha of agriculture land, accouting for 69,0 % of natural area, including:
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Agricultural production land is 49.906,92 % ha, accounting for 58,7% of area of agricultural land and 40,5 % of natural area.
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Forestry land is 32.804,62 ha, accounting for 38,6 % of agricultural land area and 26,6 % of natural land area.
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Aquacultural land is 2.283,44 ha, accouting for 2,7 % of agricultural land area
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The detail status of agriculture land using is showed by the table 2 as following.
Table 2 the status of using agriculture land of Vinh Phuc province in 2009
No
|
Type of Land
|
Are(ha)
|
Structure (%)
|
|
Agriculture land
|
85.034,7
|
100,0
|
1
|
Agriculture production land
|
49.906,9
|
58,7
|
1.1
|
Annual crop land
|
41.8836,8
|
49,3
|
| |
35.069,0
|
41,2
|
| -
Remaining annual crop land
|
6.814,8
|
8,0
|
1.2
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Perennial crop land
|
8.023,1
|
9,4
|
2
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Forest land
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32.804,6
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38,6
|
2.1
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production forest land
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10.778,2
|
12,7
|
2.2
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Protective forest land
|
6.617,2
|
7,8
|
2.3
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Use forest land
|
15.409,2
|
18,1
|
3
|
Aquacultural land
|
2.283,4
|
2,7
|
4
|
Others agriculture land
|
39,7
|
0,04
|
Source: Statistical Yearbook of Vinh Phuc Province 2009
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Non –agriculture land
Non- agriculture land has 35.229,1 ha, account for 28,6% area of natural land area, in which:
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Home land is 7.579,0 ha, accouting for21,5% area of Non agriculture land and 6,2 % of natural land .
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The use land is 18.679,8 ha, accounting for 53,0% area of Non gricultural land and 15,2% of natural land.
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The relitious and beliefs soil is 169,6 ha, accounting for 0,5 % of non agricultural land area .
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Land for cemeteries, graveyards is 820.2 ha, accounting for 2,3 % area of non – agricultural land
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Soil and stream water surface is 7.965,7 ha, accounting for 22,6% area of non agricultural land.
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Others non- agriculture land is 14,7 ha, accounting for 0,04 % area of non agricultural land.
Non-use land
By the end of 2009, Vinh Phuc province has 2.912,6 ha of non use land, account for 2,4% of natural land area, including:
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Unused Land by 917.9 ha, accounting for 31.5% of unused land.
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Unused hill land was 1.772,5 ha, accounting for 60,9% of unused land area.
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Rocky Mountains without forests were 222.25 ha, accounting for 7.6% of unused land area.
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Fluctuation of land in the province:
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Period 2001 - 2005: during this period, the provincial administrative boundaries do not change, but the cadastral survey map and change the statistical targets, the natural land area increase 86 hectares.
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Period 2006 – 2009: Since 01/8/2008 the implemented resolution of Congress and Decision of Government to expand administrative boundaries of Hanoi capital, in which separed Me Linh district merged to Ha Noi, the total natural area of the province remain 123.176,4 ha, reducing over the previous of 14.047,7 ha.
In recent years, fluctuations of land use are rapidly shifting towards reducing agricultural land, non-agricultural land increased mainly industrial land and services. Average annual increase and decrease of the soil as follows:
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Agricultural production land decrease from 550 to 650 ha/ year
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Forest land increase 352 ha/ year in which an annual average production forest land decrease 347,89ha.
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Aquaculture land increase 64 ha/ year.
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Rural land increase 290 ha /year.
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Urban land increase 91,57 ha/ year.
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Use land increase 731,39 ha/year in which production and business land, and non- agricultural land is annually average growth of 495,52 ha.
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Unused land of the whole period has decreased 549,08 ha, mainly due to the separation of administrative bounderies of Me Linh district belong to Hanoi (transferring 541,04 ha unused land to Hanoi)
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In 2009, Vinh Phuc province has about 32.8 thousand ha of forest land, including production forests is 10.8 thousand hectares, protection forest is 6.6 hectares and special-use forests is 15.4 thousand ha. The most significant forest resources of the province is Tam Dao National Park with more than 15 thousand hectares, is home to conserve animal genetic resources (more than 620 herb species, 165 species of birds and animals), which are more precious rare written in red books such as back dog, squirrel, ape. Vinh Phuc’s Forest is not only conserve animals genetic resources but also have a role regulating water resources, climate and can serve for the development of service visits and tourism. Therefore, restoring lost forest resources, planting and reforestation is one of the tasks that need to be considered in the planning of socio economic development of the province, especially in the maintenance, protection ecological environment.
Mineral resources
According to the preliminary assessment of mineral resources was devided into the following groups:
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Mineral fuels Group: included anthracite coal reserve of about one thousand tons in Dao Tru (Tam Dao); brown coal of the commune of Bach Luu, Dong Thinh (Lo river) the reserves of several thousand tons; Peat in Van Quan ( Lap Thach) Hoang Dan, Hoang Lau (Tam Duong) which have reserves (P2 level) 693600 tons expoited for fertilizer and fuels.
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Mineral Metals Group : Including Barite, copper, gold, tin, iron ... These minerals are found mainly in the Tam Dao faults and scattered in Lap Thach, Tam Duong, Binh Xuyen. In general, this group of minerals is poor and has not been studied thoroughly so they do not serve the economic development of the province.
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Non-metallic Mineral Group: Group non-metallic minerals are mainly kaolin, derived from the weathering of different rocks, where there are about 3 and 1 ore mines with reserves of about 4 million tons, concentrated in Tam Duong, Vinh Yen, Lap Thach. Vinh Phuc kaolin material is produced refractory bricks, ceramics, porcelain, as fillers for paint, to rubber, to photo paper, printing paper money ... The kaolin deposits mined since 1965, each year thousands of tons consumed. In addition, the province has 6 mines Puzzolan, total reserves of 4.2 million tons.
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building materials Group: clay, including 10 mines with total reserves of 51.8 million m3, clay plains, hills clay, gray back clay, gray brown, sand, gravel and river terraces, sandy gravel building (with 4 mines, the total reserves of 4.75 million m3, building stone and paving stones (granite and riolit) have 3 mines with total reserves of 307 million m3, 3 laterite deposits, total reserves of 49 million m3; feldspar with 1 point, no reserve evaluation.
Overall, Vinh Phuc province is located in the transition between upland and lowland, the poverty of the mineral resource. Minerals of commercial value in the area included only several types such as building stone, kaolin, peat but not large reserves and mining conditions limited.
Tourism resources
Vinh Phuc has great potential for natural tourism development and cultural tourism. There are Tam Dao Mountains with bow 50 km long, 10 km wide with beautiful natural scenery, fresh air, cool. Especially, there areTam Dao National Park and adjacent areas of primary forest has many types of plants and animals preserved relatively intact. Besides Vinh Phuc has river systems, lakes relatively rich, beautiful location service can both produce valuable both for tourism development, such as Dai Lai, Di Nau, Van Truc and Dam Vac, dress right, Thanh Lanh ... Natural potential for tourism development combined with the value (resource) rich traditional culture (presented in Section 2 - Workforce and cultural values of socio economic development Vinh Phuc below) will be an important resource for socio economic development of Vinh Phuc.
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