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Kính thưa quí bạn,
Hôm nay tôi địng không gở email ra, ai ngờ cứ gặp hoài hoài những lời khuyên có khi tai hại nên không nín được. Cái người ký tên là DOUG COPP đã viết lời khuyên khi gặp động đất thì tránh làm sao, bày ra cái chữ "Triangle of Life".
Một người Việt Nam nào đó đã dịch nó ra tiếng Việt và gởi đi ruồng ruồng trong email từ năm 2004 tới nay. Vì ở Việt Nam không động đất nên tôi làm thình. Nay thấy cứ gởi đi hoài, tôi lấy tài liệu của hội Hồng Thập Tự (tác giả: Rocky Lopes, PhD Manager, Community Disaster Education, American Red Cross National Headquarters) vạch mặt vị nầy và hai nguồn tài liệu khác gởi đến các bạn.

Vì động đất thường xảy ra tại California, do đó chắc không cần bản tiếng Việt đâu. Còn chuyện đời thì đen trắng khó lường, các bạn cứ tham khảo, muốn tin ai thì tin. HCD 24-Apr-2010

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Trước khi bàn thêm, tôi nhắc các bạn lại lần nữa:
1. Chuyện cell phone và đổ xăng là chuyện tưởng tượng đặt điều, không đúng sự thật.
2. Chuyên virus 'Osama Bin Laden bị treo cổ là chuyện Hoax năm sáu năm trước, không đúng.
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Tóm tắt một câu, là làm theo Doug Copp còn nguy hiểm hơn khi gặp động đất.

Dưới đây là email forward cái lời khuyên bậy của tay Doug Copp:


From: Van Nguyen

Subject: Fw: LA`M GI` TRONG TRẬN ĐỘNG ĐẤT?


To: xuannguyen24@gmail.com
Cc: sonbsam@yahoo.com, nnhchung@yahoo.com, kimthoa_99@yahoo.com, plano2rong@yahoo.com, Kchitongrp@yahoo.com, Quydo02@yahoo.com, nguyenvthiet@aol.com, viet44@yahoo.com
Date: Thursday, April 22, 2010, 9:29 PM
From: benjamin.nguyen@sbcglobal.net
Subject: Dong Dat Phai Lam Gi?

From: Thau Nguyen [mailto:thaunguyen2005@yahoo.com]


Sent: Sunday, April 25, 2010 4:33 PM

Còn nhiều vị gởi lại nữa…..



 
 
LA`M GI` TRONG TRẬN ĐỘNG ĐẤT?
tka23 post
Hãy đọc và chuyển thông tin này cho các thành viên trong gia đ́ình bạn; nó có thể cứu sống họ một ngày nào đó!

ĐOẠN TRÍCH TỪ BÀI BÁO CỦA DOUG COPP: "TAM GIÁC CỦA SỰ SỐNG"

Tôi tên là Doug Copp. Tôi là Đội trưởng đội cứu nạn (Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager) thuộc tổ chức American Rescue Team International (ARTI), đội cấp cứu giàu kinh nghiệm nhất thế giới. Thông tin trong bài báo này sẽ cứu nhiều sinh mệnh trong một trận động đất.

Tôi đã trườn, ḅò trong 875 toà nhà đă bị đổ sập, làm việc với các đội cấp cứu từ 60 nước, thành lập các đội cấp cứu  tại một số nước, và tôi là thành viên của nhiều đội cấp cứu của nhiều nước.

Tôi đã là một chuyên gia Liên Hợp Quốc về khắc phục thảm hoạ (Disaster Mitigation) trong 2 năm. Tôi đã làm việc tại tất cả các thảm hoạ  trên thế giới từ năm 1985, trừ những thảm hoạ xảy ra đồng thời.

Toà nhà đầu tiên tôi đã từng trườn ḅò trong đó là nơi đã là một trường học ở Thủ độ Mexico trong trận động đất năm 1985. Mỗi đứa trẻ đều đang ở dưới bàn của nó. Mỗi đứa trẻ đã bị nghiền nát tận xương. Lũ trẻ có thể đã sống sót bằng cách nằm dài bên cạnh bàn học của chúng trên các lối đi. Điều đó thật là bẩn thỉu, vô lương và tôi đã băn khoăn tại sao lũ trẻ đã không ở trên các lối đi. Lúc đó tôi đã không biết là lũ trẻ được nói cần ẩn náu dưới cái ǵì đó.

Đơn giản mà nói, khi các toà nhà sụp đổ, sức nặng của trần rơi trên các đồ đạc bên trong nghiền nát các vật này, để lại một khoảng trống ngay cạnh chúng. Khoảng trống này là cái mà tôi gọi là "tam giác của sự sống". Vật càng lớn, nó sẽ kết khối càng rắn chắc và nhỏ. Vật kết khối càng nhỏ th́ì khoảng trống càng lớn, khả năng càng lớn là người sử dụng khoảng trống để an toàn sẽ không bị thương. Lần tới khi bạn xem một toà nhà sụp đổ, trên tivi, hảy đếm "các tam giác" được h́ình thành mà bạn thấy. Chúng có ở mọi nơi. Nó có h́ình dạng chung nhất, bạn sẽ thấy trong các toà nhà bị đổ sập.

CÁC LỜI KHUYÊN ĐỂ AN TOÀN KHI XẢY RA ĐỘNG ĐẤT

1) Hầu hết những người chỉ đơn giản "cúi đầu xuống và ẩn náu" KHI CÁC TOÀ NHÀ SỤP ĐỔ bị nghiền nát đến chết. Những người chui xuống các vật như bàn làm việc hay ô tô, bị nghiền nát.

2) Các con mèo, chó và trẻ nhỏ thường cuộn tṛòn một cách tự nhiên trong tư thế bào thai.
Bạn cũng nên như vậy trong một trận động đất. Nó là một bản năng sống sót/an toàn tự nhiên.
Bạn có thể sống sót trong một khoảng trống nhỏ hơn. Hãy đến cạnh một vật, cạnh một cái tràng kỷ, cạnh một vật to lớn đồ sộ mà sẽ bị bẹp nhẹ nhưng để lại một khoảng trống cạnh nó.

3) Các toà nhà gỗ là những loại nhà an toàn nhất để ẩn náu trong một trận động đất. Gỗ linh hoạt và di động theo các sức mạnh của trận động đất. Nếu toà nhà gỗ sụp đổ, các khoảng trống an toàn lớn sẽ được tạo ra. Cũng vậy, các toà nhà gỗ có sức nặng tập trung, phá huỷ ít hơn. Các toà nhà gạch sẽ đổ đến từng viên gạch. Các viên gạch sẽ gây ra nhiều vết thương nhưng các cơ thể bị đè nén ít hơn là các tấm bê tông.

4) Nếu bạn đang trong giường trong đêm và một trận động đất xảy ra, đơn giản là lăn khỏi giường.
Một khoảng trống an toàn sẽ tồn tại gần giường. Các khách sạn có thể có được tỷ lệ sống sót cao hơn trong động đất, đơn giản bằng việc dán một dấu hiệu phía sau cửa của mỗi pḥòng báo cho những người thuê pḥòng nằm xuống sàn, ngay cạnh giường trong một trận động đất.

5) Nếu một trận động đất xảy ra và bạn không thể trốn thoát dễ dàng bằng cách qua cửa lớn hoặc cửa sổ, hãy nằm xuống và cuộn tṛòn trong tư thế bào thai ngay cạnh một ghế tràng kỷ hay một ghế lớn.

6) Hầu hết những người đứng dưới ô cửa khi các toà nhà sụp đổ sẽ bị chết. Như thế nào? Nếu bạn đứng dưới ô cửa và rầm cửa rơi xuống phía trước hay phía sau bạn sẽ bị nghiền nát bởi trần nhà phía trên. Nếu rầm cửa rơi xuống bên cạnh, bạn sẽ bị cắt làm đôi bởi ô cửa. Trong cả hai trường hợp, bạn sẽ bị chết!

7) Không bao giờ được đi vào cầu thang.


Các cầu thang có một "mô men tần số" khác nhau (chúng dao động riêng rẽ với các phần chính của toà nhà. Các cầu thang và phần cọ̀n lại của toà nhà tiếp tục va đập vào nhau cho đến khi cấu trúc cầu thang gãy. Những người đi vào cầu thang trước khi chúng găy bị băm nhỏ bởi các mặt cầu thang – kinh khủng gấp bội. Thậm chí nếu toà nhà không sụp đổ, hãy tránh xa cầu thang. Các cầu thang là phần của toà nhà có thể bị hư hại nhiều nhất. Thậm chí nếu các cầu thang không bị sụp đổ bởi động đất, chúng có thể sụp đổ sau đó khi bị quá tải bởi những người bỏ chạy. Luôn luôn nên kiểm tra cầu thang xem có an toàn không, thậm chí khi phần c̣òn loại của toà nhà không bị thiệt hại.

8) Hãy ra gần tường ngoài của toà nhà hay là bên ngoài toà nhà nếu có thể - Tốt hơn nhiều là ở gần bên cạnh của tòa nhà hơn là ở bên trong. Bạn càng ở xa bên trong tòa nhà th́ì đường thoát chạy của bạn sẽ bị chặn lại càng có khả năng xảy ra.



9) Những người ở bên trong các phương tiện giao thông của họ cũng bị nghiến nát khi con đường ở bên trên rơi xuống trong một trận động đất và nghiền nát xe cộ của họ; đó chính xác là điều đă xảy ra với các tấm bê tông giữa các tấm sàn của xa lộ Nimitz. Các nạn nhân của trận động đất San Francisco đều ở bên trong xe cộ của họ. Tất cả họ đều bị chết. Họ có thể đă sống sót dễ dàng bằng việc thoát ra và ngồi gần (nhưng không chạm vào) xe cộ của họ. Mỗi người bị chết có thể đã sống nếu họ có thể thoát ra khỏi xe và ngồi hoặc nằm gần xe. Tất cả các xe bị nghiến nát đều có khoảng trống cao 3 foot ngay cạnh chúng, trừ các ô tô có các cột rơi trực tiếp vắt chéo ngay cạnh.

10) Tôi đã phát giác ra, trong khi trườn ḅò bên trong các toà báo và các cơ quan có nhiều giấy tờ khác bị sập, rằng giấy tờ không bị bẹp. Những khoảng trống lớn được thiết lập quanh những đống giấy.


Hãy loan truyền những thông tin này để có thể cứu sống ai đó… Toàn bộ thế giới đang trải qua những thảm hoạ tự nhiên v́ì vậy hãy chuẩn bị đương đầu!

Năm 1996 chúng tôi làm một bộ phim, chứng minh phương pháp luận sống sót của tôi là đúng đắn. Chính phủ liên bang Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, Thủ đô Istanbul, Đại học Istanbul Case Productions và ARTI đã hợp tác để làm cuốn phim thử nghiệm thực tế, khoa học này. Chúng tôi đã làm sập một trường học và một ngôi nhà với 20 người nộm bên trong. Mười người nộm đă "cúi đầu và ẩn náu", và mười người nộm tôi đă sử dụng trong phương pháp sống sót "tam giác của sự sống" của tôi. Sau trận động đất tự tạo toà nhà đổ sập chúng tôi trườn ḅò qua gạch vụn và vào toà nhà để quay phim và dẫn chứng kết quả. Cuốn phim, trong đó tôi thực hành kỹ thuật sống sót của tôi trong các điều kiện dễ thấy trực tiếp, khoa học, liên quan tới việc sập toà nhà, đã chỉ ra sẽ không có cơ hội sống sót cho những người làm theo "cúi xuống và ẩn náu"

Có thể có 100 phần trăm khả năng sống sót cho những người sử dụng phương pháp "tam giác của sự sống" của tôi. Cuốn phim này đă được hàng triệu người xem trên tivi ở Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ và phần cọ̀n lại của châu Âu, và nó đã được tŕình chiếu ở Mỹ, Canada và châu Mỹ Latin trên chương tŕnh truyền h́ình Real TV.
 
DOUG COPP
 





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Thưa quí bạn dưới đây là những tài liệu nói rằng nghe lới khuyên xàm bên trên còn nguy hơn nữa.
Tóm tắt một câu, là làm theo Doug Copp còn nguy hiểm hơn khi gặp động đất.

American Red Cross response to "Triangle of Life" by Doug Copp
Sent from
Rocky Lopes, PhD
Manager, Community Disaster Education
American Red Cross National Headquarters
Recently it has been brought to my attention that an email from Doug Copp, titled "Triangle of Life," is making its rounds again on the Internet. "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" is CORRECT, accurate, and APPROPRIATE for use in the United States for Earthquake safety. Mr. Copp's assertions in his message that everyone is always crushed if they get under something is incorrect.

Recently, the American Red Cross became aware of a challenge to the earthquake safety advice "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." This is according to information from Mr. Doug Copp, the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of American Rescue Team International (a private company not affiliated with the U.S. Government or other agency.) He says that going underneath objects during an earthquake [as in children being told to get under their desks at school] is very dangerous, and fatal should the building collapse in a strong earthquake. He also states that "everyone who gets under a doorway when a building collapses is killed." He further states that "if you are in bed when an earthquake happens, to roll out of bed next to it," and he also says that "If an earthquake happens while you are watching television and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair." These recommendations are inaccurate for application in the United States and inconsistent with information developed through earthquake research. Mr. Copp based his statements on observations of damage to buildings after an earthquake in Turkey. It is like "apples and oranges" to compare building construction standards, techniques, engineering principles, and construction materials between Turkey and the United States.


We at the American Red Cross have studied the research on the topic of earthquake safety for many years. We have benefited from extensive research done by the California Office of Emergency Services, California Seismic Safety Commission, professional and academic research organizations, and emergency management agencies, who have also studied the recommendation to "drop, cover, and hold on!" during the shaking of an earthquake. Personally, I have also benefited from those who preceded me in doing earthquake education in California since the Field Act was passed in 1933.
What the claims made by Mr. Copp of ARTI, Inc., does not seem to distinguish is that the recommendation to "drop, cover, and hold on!" is a U.S.-based recommendation based on U.S. Building Codes and construction standards. Much research in the United States has confirmed that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" has saved lives in the United States. Engineering researchers have demonstrated that very few buildings collapse or "pancake" in the U.S. as they might do in other countries. Using a web site to show one picture of one U.S. building that had a partial collapse after a major quake in an area with thousands of buildings that did not collapse during the same quake is inappropriate and misleading.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which collects data on injuries and deaths from all reportable causes in the U.S., as well as data from three University-based studies performed after the Loma Prieta (September, 1989) and Northridge (January, 1994) earthquakes in California, the following data are indicated: Loma Prieta: 63 deaths, approximately 3,700 people were injured. Most injuries happened as a result of the collapse of the Cypress Street section of I-880 in Oakland. Northridge: 57 deaths, 1,500 serious injuries. Most injuries were from falls caused by people trying to get out of their homes, or serious cuts and broken bones when people ran, barefooted, over broken glass (the earthquake happened in the early morning on a federal holiday when many people were still in bed.) There were millions of people in each of these earthquake-affected areas, and of those millions, many of them reported to have "dropped, covered, and held on" during the shaking of the earthquake.
We contend that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" indeed SAVED lives, not killed people. Because the research continues to demonstrate that, in the U.S., "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" works, the American Red Cross remains behind that recommendation. It is the simplest, reliable, and easiest method to teach people, including children.
The American Red Cross has not recommended use of a doorway for earthquake protection for more than a decade. The problem is that many doorways are not built into the structural integrity of a building, and may not offer protection. Also, simply put, doorways are not suitable for more than one person at a time.
The Red Cross, remaining consistent with the information published in "Talking About Disaster: Guide for Standard Messages," (visit http://www.disastereducation.org/guide.html ) states that if you are in bed when an earthquake happens, remain there. Rolling out of bed may lead to being injured by debris on the floor next to the bed. If you have done a good job of earthquake mitigation (that is, removing pictures or mirrors that could fall on a bed; anchoring tall bedroom furniture to wall studs, and the like), then you are safer to stay in bed rather than roll out of it during the shaking of an earthquake.
Also, the Red Cross strongly advises not try to move (that is, escape) during the shaking of an earthquake. The more and the longer distance that someone tries to move, the more likely they are to become injured by falling or flying debris, or by tripping, falling, or getting cut by damaged floors, walls, and items in the path of escape. Identifying potential "void areas" and planning on using them for earthquake protection is more difficult to teach, and hard to remember for people who are not educated in earthquake engineering principles. The Red Cross is not saying that identifying potential voids is wrong or inappropriate. What we are saying is that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" is NOT wrong -- in the United States. The American Red Cross, being a U.S.-based organization, does not extend its recommendations to apply in other countries. What works here may not work elsewhere, so there is no dispute that the "void identification method" or the "Triangle of Life" may indeed be the best thing to teach in other countries where the risk of building collapse, even in moderate earthquakes, is great.
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Nguồn tin
http://www.bpaonline.org/Emergencyprep/arc-on-doug-copp.html

Tóm tắt một câu, là làm theo Doug Copp còn nguy hiểm hơn khi gặp động đất.
Dưới đây là phần phân tách của nguồn tin, bác bỏ luận điệu của Doug Copp

Origins:   We can't say that every single point mentioned in the above article about earthquake safety by controversial "rescue expert" Doug Copp is wrong or bad advice, but there are some pretty substantial reasons why readers might want to take the article (particularly its advice that everyone who uses the "duck and cover" technique in an earthquake ends up crushed to death) with some very large grains of salt.

1) Disaster preparedness experts with the American Red Cross have disputed that findings based on earthquake experiences in other countries (e.g., Turkey) are applicable to earthquake situations that might occur in the United States, where building codes are substantially different:


We at the American Red Cross have studied the research on the topic of earthquake safety for many years. We have benefited from extensive research done by the California Office of Emergency Services, California Seismic Safety Commission, professional and academic research organizations, and emergency management agencies, who have also studied the recommendation to "drop, cover, and hold on!" during the shaking of an earthquake. Personally, I have also benefited from those who preceded me in doing earthquake education in California since the Field Act was passed in 1933.

What the claims made by Mr. Copp of ARTI, Inc., does not seem to distinguish is that the recommendation to "drop, cover, and hold on!" is a U.S.-based recommendation based on U.S. Building Codes and construction standards. Much research in the United States has confirmed that "Drop, Cover, and Hold On!" has saved lives in the United States. Engineering researchers have demonstrated that very few buildings collapse or "pancake" in the U.S. as they might do in other countries. Using a web site to show one picture of one U.S. building that had a partial collapse after a major quake in an area with thousands of buildings that did not collapse during the same quake is inappropriate and misleading.


2) The validity of the research methodology and conclusions expressed in the article quoted above has been criticized by other disaster preparedness experts:
Copp likes to base his evidence on the Turkish "experiment" that he was involved with. Unfortunately, unbeknownst to all involved, this was not an experiment at all, but rather a voluntary organization's search and rescue exercise. My colleagues in Turkey corroborate that a building scheduled for demolition was used as a search and rescue training opportunity. They did decide to put mannequins in different spots to see what would happen. And indeed they reported finding mannequins unharmed next to large and heavy objects.

What is the problem with this? Simply this: To collapse the building, they rammed the columns, causing the building to pancake. They did NOT simulate an earthquake. Earthquakes come in waves. They cause lateral shaking. They cause a variety of different kinds of damage. Since this experiment didn't produce anything resembling shaking it really doesn't tell us anything at all about what would happen during an earthquake.


3) Doug Copp's claim that he performed rescue work at the World Trade Center (for which he was paid $650,000 in compensation for injuries he supposedly sustained there) has been challenged in a series of articles published in the Albuquerque Journal describing him as a self-serving opportunist rather than a true rescue expert:
Self-proclaimed rescue guru Doug Copp's mission to ground zero was considered so important that he had clearance to be flown to New York even though all civilian air traffic in the United States had been grounded. Once there, he says he assumed a pivotal role and sustained devastating injuries while wading through the "toxic soup" in search of survivors and victims, and was awarded nearly $650,000 for his injuries. But there is little evidence Copp performed real rescue work, and it is doubtful that he deserves compensation.

Doug Copp was awarded $649,000, tax free, from the fund set up to compensate victims of 9/11. He says it's not enough. But it's doubtful he deserves anything. A Journal investigation found little evidence that Copp did real rescue work in New York. His forays into the rubble were to shoot video, some of which he tried to sell. His claim of seeking medical care within the time frame appears false. All typical of Copp's years as a self-proclaimed rescue guru.


(Other entries in the Albuquerque Journal's series of articles relayed complaints from numerous people who dealt with Mr. Copp and noted that he was under investigation by a U.S. Department of Justice fraud unit.)

We'd recommend sticking with safety information prepared by established earthquake safety experts, such as the American Red Cross, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Earthquake Country Alliance.



-------------------------


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DOUGLAS COPP - WORSE THAN URBAN LEGEND: DANGEROUS ADVICE! AND NOW
FOR SOME GOOD ADVICE FOR EARTHQUAKE SAFETY
Tóm tắt một câu, là làm theo Doug Copp còn nguy hiểm hơn khi gặp động đất.

Marla Petal, Ph.D. is Director of Bogaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake


Research Institute's Disaster Preparedness Education Program. Her doctoral research is on the
causes of deaths in the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake and implications of these findings for public
education. September, 2004
Recently many well-meaning people, wanting to be safe have unwittingly fallen victim to Douglas
Copp, and his "Earthquake Tips". If you took the time to read Copp's advice and you thought it
might have some merit, or if you passed it on to anyone else, please read this and pass this back up
or down the lines. If you haven't, and just want a few good tips for earthquake safety you can skip
all the way to #7 and #8.
To refer to these kinds of stories as urban legend is to be excessively charitable. Apparently Copp
has fooled and victimized many. Some of them were the good people at the Albuquerque Journal in
New Mexico. Some of them were search and rescue volunteers and general public in Turkey. Now
some of them are the recipients of Copp's "earthquake tips" circulated on the Internet. Beware of
Copp and his American Rescue Organization. Many of my colleagues have briefly and summarily
dismissed him. However, since this advice has been widely circulated among people wanting to
protect themselves, family, friends and neighbors, I am compelled to add a detailed response.
#1: SHOULD YOU BELIEVE ANYTHING DOUG COPP HAS TO SAY? PROBABLY NOT.
In an investigation of more than 15,000 words, a 4 day series of 7 articles July 11-14th, 2004 the
Albuquerque Journal more than atones for being briefly taken in by Copp's claim to be "the most
experienced rescuer in the world, equipped with the only device that could detect the scent of
decaying flesh" (http://www.abqjournal.com/terror/196540nm07-11-04.htm) The Journal flew
Copp to New York on the corporate plane immediately after 9/11. It wasn't until in the air that
publisher Lang recognized Copp to be "bogus" and "unprofessional" and later on the ground that he
discovered that Copp's "rescue crew" consisted of a video producer, camera operator, filmmaker
and archeologist (also taken in by his claims).
According to Albuquerque Journal reporter Leslie Linthicum, in New York Copp promoted an offthe-
shelf gas detector with his own sticker slapped on, blackened his face for the camera, freeloaded
and lounged in a donated hotel room, failed to check in with the command center, ignored
instructions of authorities, and was a shameless self-promoter hawking video to Inside Edition and
making claims to having been in 2,000 seriously life-threatening situations and 892 collapsed
buildings. He claimed to have rescued 40 people at ground zero. He claims to be been written up in
50,000 newspapers. Later he managed to collect $649,885 in victim compensation based on claims
now being investigated by the Justice Department.
Linthicum dug deeper. Copp claims to have a degree in engineering, be a U.N. expert, and to have
video of himself rescuing a 12 year old from the debris of a 1999 earthquake in Turkey. She learned
that Copp has no engineering degree but failed an engineering course in university. Phillip Boulle of
the U.N. International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction in sworn affidavit says, "Copp has
fraudulently misrepresented himself regarding the United Nations". The video from Turkey? The
translator for the French rescue team "Secouristes Sans Frontieres" whose operations he apparently
insinuated himself into says, "that's not possible". Already discredited amongst professional urban
search and rescue teams, none of Copp's multitude of claims of leading search and rescue efforts
and saving lives, spending hours underground could be substantiated.
In case you don't have time to read all of Linthicum's articles, I think it fair to summarize that she
tracked sources across the country and across the world. The pithiest quotes:
•NY Fire Dept Chief John Normal, in charge of the rescue and recovery effort calls Copp's claims
of heroism at ground zero "a fraud" and "a bald-faced liar".
•Chase Sargent, Virginia Beach VA fire battalion chief and FEMA task force member "Anybody
who's legitimate in this business knows who this knucklehead is"
•T. H. Lang, publisher of Albuquerque Journal - began to detect that Copp's story "sounded
arrogant, braggadocio. It was astoundingly preposterous."
•Stephen Lentz, New Mexico Archeologist was writing a screenplay about Copp, but says "he didn't
do anything", that he "blackened his face by rubbing soot on it, so he would look like he had been in
a dangerous place". Lentz now likens him to a circus promoter and says, "I think basically he was a
fraud and a bombast".
•Ron Hadani, volunteer who Copp said would vouch for him said of what he observed, "it was not
serious rescue work"
According to Linthicum in the Albuquerque Journal, Copp now claims that among his debilitating
physical ailments are swelling of the brain and immune problems that affect his thinking. That
should be enough to dismiss him. But to be fair, Copp's earthquake tips actually pre-date the recent
evidence of compromised brain function.
#2. HOW ABOUT COPP BEFORE HIS 9/11 ESCAPADE?
No less gullible than the rest Turkish rescue volunteers of AKUT and many others in the media
gravitated to Copp's sensationalist claims. In Turkey, following the devastating 1999 Kocaeli
earthquake, this led to disinformation on a massive scale. Based on Copp's so-called "evidence",
mass media outlets publicized the advice to "get down next to a refrigerator", "get out of your car
and get down by it", "assume a fetal position" and "make a big box of books or newspaper" to
crouch down next to in case of earthquake.
For those of us who are researchers and public educators in the field of earthquake mitigation and
preparedness, Copp's advice is plainly dangerous. But now that Doug Copp has gotten your
attention about earthquake safety, I'd like to address some of the claims he makes that may have
piqued your curiosity - because it's always good to hone our ability to think critically - and there are
things you can and should do to be safer from earthquakes.
#3. THE MYTH OF ANTICIPATING THE "TRIANGLE OF LIFE"
Yes, Copp is correct that there are places that after a building collapse are called "triangles of life".
These "life safe voids" are the first places that search and rescue workers look for survivors. It's
generally true that the larger the object and stronger the less it will compact. But don't be fooled.
The force of earthquakes moves large and heavy objects. We don't know a) whether it is possible to
anticipate where the life safe voids will be before the collapse, and b) whether it is possible to get
there during the strong shaking of an earthquake. What we don't know in advance (but is worthy of
research) is the expected collapse patterns in particular buildings or where these life safe voids will
be when the shaking stops. If your building tilts in one direction, the "large and heavy object" that
you are near, could crush you against the wall....
Copp says "People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake
and crushes their vehicles" and that in the Loma Prieta earthquake everyone killed would have
survived if they had been able to get out of their cars and sit or lie next to them, because of the lifesafe
void nearby. The problem is similar: observing a crushed car with a life safe void next to it
doesn't mean much. The car itself may have moved after the shaking started. There is a lot of
evidence of cars and truck overturning in strong shaking. If everyone got out of their cars and got
down next to them, a lot of people would be dead or seriously injured from the weight of the car
jumping or sliding on them.
Copp likes to base his evidence on the Turkish "experiment" that he was involved with.
Unfortunately, unbeknownst to all involved, this was not an experiment at all, but rather a voluntary
organization's search and rescue exercise. My colleagues in Turkey corroborate that a building
scheduled for demolition was used as a search and rescue training opportunity. They did decide to
put the mannequins in different spots to see what would happen. And indeed they reported finding
mannequins unharmed next to large and heavy objects.
What is the problem with this? Simply this: To collapse the building, they tied ropes around the
columns and yanked them out, causing the building to pancake. They did NOT simulate an
earthquake. Earthquakes come in waves. They cause lateral shaking. They cause a variety of
different kinds of damage. Since this experiment didn't produce anything resembling shaking it
really doesn't tell us anything at all about what would happen during an earthquake. It could be that
the large and heavy furniture would end up at the other end of the room, nowhere near where it
began. Assuming even for a moment that an experiment could be done to support the hypothesis,
the reality is that the particular results from a pancake collapse, while certainly the most fatal,
represents the least common type of reinforced concrete building collapse. There are at least 4 other
major types of collapse. Less than 3% of damaged buildings in the Kocaeli earthquake were
pancaked. So these results would tell us precious little about what might happen to people in all the
other buildings... the other 97% of damaged buildings as well as the many undamaged buildings.
Formulating the questions in order to advise EVERYONE about what to do when the shaking starts
is much more complex than the evidence in front of Copp's eyes.
#4. The "IF I CAN SAVE ONE LIFE" FALLACY.
Search and rescue workers desperately want to save lives. In reality, worldwide their experience is
of bringing out at least 98 dead bodies to 2 live ones. Some would like to turn the one life they
saved into a cautionary anecdote for the other millions of people who were potential victims. There
is a place for these stories, but extrapolating to the millions is not scientific. It really doesn't matter
if one or if ten people are found alive next to a refrigerator, unless you look at 100 or 1,000
refrigerators after an earthquake to see what might have happened to people who might have been
near them at the time of the shaking. When you give advice to people about what to do during an
earthquake, you are basically advising everyone who feels the shaking.
In Kocaeli we would have loved to be able to advise the 20,000 who died so that even a few lives
could be saved. But remember that in order to save any of them, we would have to advise all
15,000,000 people who felt the shaking and were in a position to take some action. Suppose that our
advice could save 1,000 people from death in pancaked buildings (highly unlikely) but if it also put
.00007 percent of all the people who felt the shaking at risk of death and serious injury we would
have done more harm than good. In other words, the behavior that Copp thinks may save someone
in a particular collapsed building may put them at MORE risk in other collapsed or non-collapsed
buildings.
When I show Californians pictures from Turkish publications with people crouched down next to
refrigerators and kitchen counters, instead of under the nearby kitchen table, their jaws drop in
horror. Obviously these people are in danger from the refrigerator sliding and toppling and
emptying its contents, the hot things on the stove, the appliances on the counter and the packed
contents of the cabinets overhead. Obviously they should be under the kitchen table, or outside the
kitchen door. But this is exactly the lunacy that these kinds of "I found one person alive here"
anecdotes can lead to. Some people in Turkey will die in the next earthquake because of this.
Having said that, most of my scientific colleagues and I have come to the uneasy compromise that
IF people are occupying a self-built adobe structure with a heavy roof, and with no seismic-resistant
design measures, and if they are on the ground floor and can run out quickly to a safe and open
place outside, they should do so when the shaking begins. Otherwise, they should still drop, cover
and hold on. Adobe collapses are much more survivable when the roofing is of lightweight material.
But the reality is that protection from earthquake deaths takes place way before the shaking begins.
It will take a lot of well-designed research to learn if there is, in fact, ANY behavior that is better
than luck in saving someone from a building collapse, and that can be guaranteed not to endanger
more people than it helps! As with other helping efforts: "First, do no harm."
#5. COPP'S OUTRAGEOUS ERRORS
Copp makes lots of outrageous claims for which there is no research, like "Everyone who simply
"ducks and covers" WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE is crushed to death -- Every time, without
exception." "Everybody who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed." At best these
are extreme statements that are hypotheses to be tested. It would be great for search and rescue
workers and social science researchers to get together to investigate hypotheses like these.
Copp also says "Get Near the Outer Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible...because
of the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked." There is no evidence of this.
A contrary hypothesis suggests that especially in concrete building with infill tile walls, the tiles fall
out and so could you. This is also a good subject for research, but at present it's nothing more than
an untested hypothesis.
Please understand that even the best scientific methods don't always provide perfect or even helpful
results. Nevertheless, scientific methods should be used to investigate our hunches. There are many
important questions that we haven't begun to answer - but absolute claims like this are just total
rubbish and no substitute.
#6. COPP'S HALF TRUTHS
Copp recommends the "fetal position" in order to "survive in a smaller void". The idea of being
small is fine. Getting down low prevents falling injuries, and making yourself a smaller target
means there is less to be hit. However, when we tried this informally in Turkey on an earthquake
simulation shake table, the "curled up in a ball" fetal position made us prone to rolling around. This
didn't actually feel safe to us. What felt much safer was to get down as low as possible on our knees
and shins so that we had some control over our movements and could still crawl to a more secure
place.
Indications from research in Kocaeli is that Copp may be right in his advice to get down "next to a
sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it." Many
Kocaeli survivors would agree that this would have been both possible and safe in that earthquake.
This is a good hypothesis that should be further investigated.
Copp says "Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake."
He's right... They're also the worst in case of fire after an earthquake. So while we those in wooden
homes can take some comfort, be prepared to put out fires when they are still small with fire
extinguishers and blankets.
Copp says "If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed."
Actually, the safest people in earthquakes in both California and Turkey were those who stayed in
bed. If the building tilts and the bed moves... the foot of the bed probably isn't the best place to be.
Copp says that he "discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other
offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact." Large voids are found surrounding stacks
of paper. This might be good information for the grocery store, but only if the shelves are bolted to
the floor or ceiling. Frankly if you live in a building that you think is a collapse risk, ethically the
only good advice is to suggest that you to find another place to live, rather than to rely on a pile of
paper or a container of books in every room to save your life. This may seem pathetic, but at least 3
different publications in Turkey have photos of people crouching down next to enormous containers
of paper products in the middle of their living rooms. Let's get real - our job is to live with
earthquakes. This kind of advice makes the tasks of public education and preparedness harder than
it already is.
Copp's one piece of good advice: "Never go to the stairs." That, as it happens, is sound advice.
#7. SO WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?
•Think through personal scenarios in the places you live and work. What spots seem safer than
others?
•Make your environment safer by fastening tall and heavy furniture and audiovisual equipment,
Move heavy objects down low.
•Keep shoes and flashlight by your bed.
•During the shaking, drop down to the ground. Cover your head and neck. Hold on to your cover or
something stable.
Why do we persist in saying these things? What is the proof? Research into the causes of deaths and
injuries in several countries has now shown several important patterns: a) Fatalities are almost
always associated with head, neck and chest injuries. These are the most vulnerable areas of the
body that need to be protected. b) Many injuries are caused by falling. If you get down yourself, or
brace yourself, you can avoid falling. c) A huge proportion of night time injuries are to feet and
legs... even in places with minor damage.... picture frame on floor, no shoes, no lights,
parents/children trying to find each other in the dark.... d) At least half of all injuries are from nonstructural
objects. Many of these injuries are serious, made more so by the intense demand on
limited medical resources. We can't be complacent about any unnecessary injuries when limited
medical resources will be needed to save lives. e) The smaller target you present to falling objects
the less chance there is of something hitting you.
#8. AND NOW THAT YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT IT...
Urban earthquake mitigation requires all of us to be involved in three major activities: assessment
and planning, reducing our physical risks, and developing our ability to respond.
ASSESS & PLAN
(Think and act now.)
•Sit down with your family and discuss possible scenarios.
•Decide on meeting places inside and outside of your neighbourhood.
•Identify an "out-of-area contact" for quicker communication and peace of mind.
•Designate others nearby to pick up your child from school in case of emergency, and make a
meeting plan with them.
PROTECT YOURSELF PHYSICALLY
(Take measures to reduce your physical risks.)
•If you aren't sure about the structural soundness of you home, workplace or school, have it
assessed by a qualified engineer.
•Retrofit where possible. Move out, and tear down where not possible.
•Fasten large and heavy furniture.
•Secure water heaters.
•Have a fire extinguisher on each floor and have it serviced regularly.
DEVELOP YOUR ABILITY TO RESPOND
(Be ready to be part of the solution.)
•Have enough water, food, and prescription medications for a week.
•Keep a first aid kit.
•Check your "Go Bag" in your car and by your door.
Disaster preparedness is not accomplished overnight. It takes place in a series of small steps taken
at home, at work, at school, in your neighborhood and in your region. It is accomplished by actions
by individuals, families, organizations, institutions, and government.
The 100th anniversary of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake is not far away. This is a good time to
make yourself a promise, and take one of these small steps today.
REFERENCES
Albuquerque Journal (2004) July 11, 12, 13, 14. Online at
http://www.abqjournal.com/terror/196540nm07-11-04.htm
American Red Cross (2004) American Red Cross response to "Triangle of Life" by Doug Copp.
Online at http://www2.bpaonline.org/Emergencyprep/arc-on-doug-copp.html).
Associated Press (2004) July 12. Online at
http://cms.firehouse.com/content/article/article.jsp?sectionId=41&id=32725 and
http://news.bostonherald.com/national/view.bg?articleid=35319&format=
Petal, Marla (2004) Urban Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness: The 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake,
doctoral dissertation, Department of Urban Planning, UCLA.
State of California, Governor's Office of Emergency Services, (2004) Sept. 7. Memorandum to
Operational Area Coordinators. Subject: Duck, Cover and Hold Procedure.


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