Government committee for religious affairs religion and policies regarding religion in vietnam


Results of Implementing the Vietnamese State’s Laws and Policies on Belief and Religion



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4. Results of Implementing the Vietnamese State’s Laws and Policies on Belief and Religion

Many significant results have been achieved during the nearly 20 years of implementing Reform and Renewal policies on religious affairs. Previously, the State had recognized three religious organizations: The Vietnamese Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Northern Church), the Vietnamese Catholic Church, and the Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha. The State has since considered and recognized other religious organizations, including:

- Representative Committee of Muslims of Hồ Chí Minh City in 1992.

- Nine Cao đài Churches during the period from 1995 to 2000.

- Hòa Hảo Buddhist Church in 1998.

- Vietnamese General Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Southern Church) in 2001.

- Representative Committee of Muslims of An Giang Province in 2004.

Thus, the State has recognized a total of 16 religious organizations emanating from six religions to operate in accordance with the detailed framework of the law. In September 2006, some other religious organizations – such as Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa, Tịnh độ Cư sĩ Phật hội, and the Missionary Christian Church – were granted certificates for operational registration of religious activities and will soon be recognized as organizations according to provisions of the law.

There has been growth in the training of religious clergy: The Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha has established three institutes, six colleges, and 31 intermediate training schools, which have trained 5,090 Buddhist monks and nuns; the Vietnamese Catholic Church has six seminaries now training 1,236 Catholic priests; the Institute of Bible and Theology of the Vietnamese General Protestant Church (Southern Region) has organized two training courses for 150 trainees. On 30 August 2006, the Institute of Bible and Theology started construction for a new base in Hồ Chí Minh City,... During five years (1999-2004), the Religious Publishing House published 719 publications with 4.2 million copies (more than 500,000 of which were Bibles) at the request of religious individuals and organizations. Bibles have also been printed in the Ba Na, Ê-đê, and Gia Rai ethnic minority languages to facilitate religious practice among followers in these ethnic groups.

The State of Vietnam has carried out many socio-economic development programs in order to improve the material and spiritual life of the people, especially those in remote and mountainous areas and for ethnic minority people, including those who follow religions. The State also guarantees and creates favorable conditions for religious activities of religious clerics and followers to normalize their activities in many areas, including:

Such activities as expressing one’s belief and engaging in religious ceremonies, rites, and religious festivals are allowed to be organized on a regular basis. Especially important religious festivals and ceremonies such as Buddha’s Birthday for Buddhists, Christmas and Easter for Catholics and Protestants, ceremonies for the foundation anniversaries of the Cao đài religion and Hòa Hảo Buddhism, and Ramadan for Muslims are organized with religious rites and the participation of many followers.

In particular, Buddha’s Birthday in the Buddhist calendar year of 2550 (2006) was organized on a large scale also to honor the 25th anniversary of the Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha (1981-2006) and the UNESCO decision to recognize Buddha’s Birthday as a world religious holiday.

Important religious festivals and ceremonies are growing in scope as many more believers and followers participate with a spirit of joy and peace of mind and a belief in the State’s policies and law and take part in religious festivals in a safe and orderly way.

Religious organizations have been active in strengthening their organizations, in nominating, transferring, and appointing clergy and admitting members of religious communities to improve their work in training in accordance with their organizations’ charters and regulations as well as provisions of the law. For example, the Vietnamese Buddhist Church appointed new positions in the professional committees of its National Steering Council and Provincial/City Steering Councils and also established several new Provincial Steering Councils.

The Vietnamese Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Northern Church) organized its Congress for the 2004-2008 term, and the Vietnamese General Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Southern Church) organized its Congress for the 2005-2009 term. Other organizations such as the Cao đài Verity Church (Hội Thánh Cao đài Chơn lý), the Cao đài Three-Door Temple Gate Church (Hội Thánh Cao đài Cầu Kho - Tam Quan), and the Cao đài Missionary Church (Hội Thánh Truyền Giáo Cao đài) have also organized Congresses for their new terms. The Tây Ninh Cao đài Church organized a mid-term Congress to appoint new dignitaries and representatives of the Management Council at the local level. The Hòa Hảo Buddhist Congregation also strengthened its local Management Councils during its Second Congress. Similarly, the An Giang Representative Committee of Muslims was established.

According to statistics, in 2005, 800 ordinations, 605 appointments, and 337 transfers were made across all religious organizations.

The training of religious clergy and members of religious communities has expanded and intensified. This year, the Intermediate Buddhism Training Center and Buddhist Colleges recruited large numbers of students. Buddhist Institutes have expanded, and the quality of training for monks and nuns has improved. The Vietnamese Buddhist Church is also completing construction of a new Buddhist Institute in Hà Nội’s Sóc Sơn District and is preparing to build its Theravada Khmer Buddhist Institute in Cần Thơ City as well as a new center for the Hồ Chí Minh Buddhist Institute. The Catholic Association’s seminaries have increased the number of classes and seminarians each year. The Jesus Christ Seminary in Hồ Chí Minh City has opened a second branch in Xuân Lộc District, Đồng Nai Province. Now in its second year, the Institute of Bible and Theology of the Vietnamese General Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Southern Church) doubled the number of its entry-level students compared with its first year. The Steering Committee of the Vietnamese General Confederation of Evangelical Churches has also organized training courses on religious doctrine for pastors, newly appointed pastors, and preaching pastors who are ethnic minority people in provinces of the Central Highlands. The Steering Committee has also ordained senior religious clerics in provinces of that area.

The Cao đài and Hòa Hảo Buddhists have organized classes in religious doctrine for many participants. The Representative Committee of Muslims in Hồ Chí Minh City and An Giang Province have supported their followers to visit the Mecca and to take part in Koran-reading ceremonies organized overseas.

In 2005, the number of graduates from religious schools and training courses of all denominations was 6,963, while the number of newly recruited participants was 5,584, and the number of on-going religious trainees was 4,563.

Bibles, religious books, and religious documents have been regularly published, thereby meeting the demand for religious activities. Magazines and newspapers published by religious organizations currently include: Nghiên cứu Phật học (Buddhist Studies Magazine) and Giác Ngộ (Enlightenment Newspaper) by the Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha; Hiệp Thông, Người Công giáo Việt Nam (The Vietnamese Catholic Newspaper), and Công giáo và Dân tộc (Catholicism and the Nation) by the Catholic Church; Hương Sen (Fragrant lotus Magazine) by the Hòa Hảo Buddhist Congregation; and Mục vụ (Serving Pastors Bulletin) and Thông Công (Spiritual Communion Bulletin) by the Vietnamese General Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Southern Church).



In 2005 alone, the Religious Publishing House licensed 450 Bible titles (with more than one million copies) and 60 other titles. During the first six months of 2006, the Religious Publishing House printed 130 religious titles.

Humanitarian activities of religious organizations are encouraged and have been effective. Religious organizations have participated actively in social affairs, including health care and education, and in humanitarian activities and movements to build up a cultured lifestyle in residential areas. They have also been very active in raising funds to support victims of natural disasters and to build houses for people in need. In addition, religious organizations, senior religious clergy, and members of religious orders have played an important part in providing free health check-ups and treatment. They have also taken care of people with disabilities, orphaned children, the elderly, leprosy patients, and AIDS patients in the final stages of the disease... These efforts have helped to reduce difficulties and relieve the pain of tens of thousands of people.

Local governments have facilitated the upgrading, restoration, and new construction of places of religious worship as stipulated by the law. As a result, many pagodas, churches, monasteries, and mosques were upgraded or built during the past year. In particular, branches of the Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Southern Church) in the Central Highlands have received land for churches, while others are under consideration for land allotment. In 2005, 242 places of worship were built, while 320 others were repaired or upgraded.

Along with recognized religious organizations, some other religious associations that have recently formed or have recently arrived in Vietnam have been permitted to conduct regular religious activities in places of worship or in assembly points. The Government Committee for Religious Affairs is collaborating with local authorities on guidelines for these new Protestant denominations and other religions that are in the process of registering their activities so that they can be recognized in accordance with provisions of the Ordinance on Belief and Religion.

Two years after the issuance of the Ordinance on Belief and Religion, especially after the Prime Minister’s Instruction (“Some Tasks Related to Protestantism”), religious activities of Protestant followers in the Central Highlands have received due attention and their rights have been guaranteed according to provisions of the law. As a result, 718 religious groups have registered, and 67 religious chapters have been recognized and are engaged in regular activities. Also, 71 pastors and newly-appointed pastors have been recognized. Some religious chapters have built places of worship.

In the Northern Highlands of Vietnam, local governments have created favorable conditions for Protestants to practice their religion at home and have developed guidelines for religious assembly groups to register their activities with local authorities. Until now, the first step has been implemented with registration of religious activities for Protestant followers belonging to 27 assembly groups in nine provinces, all with good results. This is a necessary step to avoid possible contradictions and complications in families and clans that might negatively affect the stable life of ordinary people. Results secured in the provinces mentioned above and in other highland localities of northern Vietnam have guided and will continue to guide religious people and assemply groups to register their religious activities in accordance with the Prime Minister’s Instruction.



5. Vietnamese Religions and Vietnam’s National History

During the entire course of Vietnam’s history, especially during the two protracted and heroic Wars of Resistance Against Foreign rule and aggression in general, patriotic followers of various religions contributed in remarkable ways to Vietnam’s revolution for independence and unification of the Homeland. Since reunification, religious followers have continued the work of national development under the motto, "For better secular and religious life".

Reviewing the country’s history during the struggle to protect the Homeland and during the times of peace, one can affirm: Followers of different religions have significantly contributed to the struggle for independence and unity of the entire Homeland. Many religious followers achieved important feats and are regarded as good examples for future generations. Religious people constitute an integral part of the Vietnamese community and have actively contributed to implementation of Vietnam’s policy of great national unity as well as to the cause of Reform, Renewal in order to bring about greater prosperity and happiness to the nation and people.

Religious organizations are among the forces that responded to and supported the movement of patriotic emulation from the beginning. They proposed specific action plans and issued appeals, public letters, and announcements to mobilize senior religious leaders, members of religious orders, and followers to join.

During recent years, thousands of religious households have achieved good results in hunger eradication, poverty reduction, economic development, and implementation of cultural and economic development policies in the course of building sound and strong localities. During the past five years, over three million registered religious households from across the country have engaged in agricultural production; over two million of these households have been recognized at the local level as successful in farming production and small business, with many organizations and individuals recognized as outstanding. Religious followers have restored many traditional craft villages, creating wares of high quality and jobs for tens of thousands. They have carried out various credit programs focusing on the poor and have helped many poor families overcome poverty.

People across the country unite in promoting their long-standing ethical tradition, “Repay a kindness” and “When drinking water, remember its source",. Religious followers always show readiness to take part in charitable social work, in disaster relief operation. Many clerics have made oustanding contribution to such movements as: “Open the Golden Book of Piety” and “Build Houses of Gratitude, Houses of Compassion, Houses of Great Unity, and Gardens of Gratitude” to care for heroic mothers who lost their children during the war. They have contributed freely from their own assets to help poor children, orphans, and the elderly without support. Many care centers belong to religious organizations. There, senior religious leaders and monks and nuns are not afraid of hardship or of the danger of catching diseases. They voluntarily devote their efforts and money to care for patients with HIV/AIDS, leprosy, infectious diseases, and dermatological ailments. They are especially attentive to poor patients. Many Catholic churches and Buddhist pagodas have been active in raising orphans and caring for hundreds of AIDS patients who are in the disease’s final stages and who have no family support.

The Vietnamese Buddhist Sangha, the Cao đài Church, the Hòa Hảo Buddhist Congregation, and other religious organizations have established hundreds of medical clinics to provide free services for the poor. They contribute tens of billions of VND each year to support victims of natural disasters and hundreds of billions of VND to other social and humanitarian activities, including: Support for improvement of production; construction of bridges and roads to ease transportation difficulties for people in remote areas; support for patients with mental illness; care centers for lonely elders and orphans; and humanitarian blood donation.

These humanitarian activities, which are effective and appreciated, have arisen from the movement, “Repay a kindness", which in itself arose from the nation’s tradition of unity, affection, and mutual assistance with a spirit of “The intact leaf shields the torn one” and which also arose from the noble tenets of various beliefs and religions.

Religious followers have responded to the movement, “Develop Cultured Lifestyles in Residential Areas", and have often received titles such as “A Cultured Religious Establishment” and “A Cultured Family". Many Buddhist religious organizations have programs and concrete plans for response and participation similar to the movement to establish “Outstanding Pagodas” or “Cultured Pagodas” among the Buddhists. Catholics in many localities have interesting initiatives and have set up content and specific standards allied with their religious principles and lifestyle as they encourage religious families to achieve the title “Outstanding Parish” or “Model Catholic Family".

“Cultured Villages” and “Cultured Streets” have emerged in many provinces and cities across the country with features of a principled lifestyle and harmonious life and with many models showing initiative in the movement to build a new countryside and a new personal outlook. Numerous residential areas in regions with many religious followers have become good examples in the fight against crime, drugs, and other social ills in the effort to retain and maintain social order and provide personal safety. Religious leaders and followers of religions have actively opposed social ills through use of their religious teachings, tenets, creeds, and moral lifestyles.

Many models for production and social work have arisen from the emulation movements, leading to the contribution of both labor and property to the development of localities and the country at large. Previously, some residential areas with religious followers had limited access to education, family planning, and public health services. There have since been many changes, so that areas with many religious believers show a low incidence of social ills.

Unity to expand democracy and implement the Regulations on Grassroots Democracy have created an atmosphere of enthusiasm and confidence among the people in general and particularly in areas with many religious followers. The process of expanding implementation of the Regulations has created more trust among religious followers in the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, in the process of Renewal, and in the role of citizens as masters of the country. Citizens have seen more clearly their rights and responsibilities in building and protecting local administrations that are transparent, sustainable, and truly of the people, by the people, and for the people. Such local administrations should contribute to effective implementation of the movement, “All the people unite to build residential areas with cultured lifestyles” while realizing socio-economic goals and the duties of public security and national defense in building and protecting the Homeland so that Vietnam can become stronger and more prosperous.



CHAPTER 3

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF VIETNAMESE RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS

1. State Policies and the International Relations of Vietnamese Religious Organizations

The Constitution and various laws, decrees, and resolutions of the State have clearly addressed the international relations of religious organizations, followers, and religious leaders as well as regarding the humanitarian activities of foreign religious organizations.

Article 3 of Order 234/SL dated 14 June 1955 stipulated: “Foreigners who are members of religious orders and who receive permission from the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam may preach, just like Vietnamese members of religious orders; they must abide by the laws of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, just like other foreigners". Article 6 of the Ordinance on Belief and Religion affirms the policy of the State of Vietnam: “Relations between the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and other States and international organizations regarding matters related to religion must be based on the principles of: Respect for each other’s independence and sovereignty; non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; equality; mutual benefit; conformity with each other’s laws; and conformity with international law and practice".

The State of Vietnam recognizes the need of foreigners in Vietnam to engage in their own activities of belief and religion while in Vietnam and helps them have peace of mind for their work, study, cooperation, and investment in Vietnam. In particular, there is a realistic effort to implement both appropriate religious policies and the State’s foreign policy of openness in the context of Reform and Renewal and international integration, with this spirit: Vietnam is ready to be a friend and reliable partner with countries in the international community, striving for peace, independence, and development.



2. International Relations of Vietnamese Religious Organizations

Vietnamese religious organizations, at various levels, all have certain international relations. Foreign affairs of religious organizations include: Exchanging delegations with foreign organizations; sending clerics and followers abroad to study; participating in conferences and workshops; joining international and regional religious conferences; hosting foreign religious delegations; and hosting international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), many of which are faith-based INGOs implementing humanitarian projects in Vietnam. Articles 34, 35, 36 and 37 of Chapter V, “International Relations of Religious Organizations, Followers, Religious, and Dignitaries", in the Ordinance on Belief and Religion state clearly the regulations related to international activities of religions, including the sending of people to take part in religious training overseas and preaching activities in Vietnam by foreign religious leaders and foreign members of religious orders.

In the course of Reform and Renewal, the international activities of religious organizations have grown and diversified, covering most localities and social sectors. Some activities have been solely religious, such as visits and participation in workshops and international and regional conferences on religious doctrine, rites, regulations, and religious lifestyles... In addition, some religious organizations have also taken part in social activities, have sponsored voluntary humanitarian and cultural work, and have provided direct assistance to those in need.

Most religious organizations in Vietnam have established relations with organizations in other countries:

Buddhism: During the process of Buddhism’s penetration and development, Buddhist followers in Vietnam established relations and exchanges with Buddhists in other countries and territories, including China, India, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, the former Soviet Union, Mongolia, France, Japan, the U.S, and Russia...

Vietnamese Buddhist groups, at various levels have taken part in regional and international activities of international organizations, including the Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace (ABCP) and the World Fellowship of Buddhists (WFB). The Vietnamese Buddhist groups have relations with and have organized exchanges with the Buddhist Association of China, the Buddhist Association of the former Soviet Union, the World Buddhist Conference (WBC), and other international groups.



Catholicism: The Vietnamese Catholic Church has spiritual communication with the Vatican and has close relations with the Catholic Associations of France, the United States, the European Union, the Philippines, and South Korea. The Vietnamese Council of Bishops is a member of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conference (FABC). Many Vietnamese priests have been trained in Italy, France, and the Philippines. Every year, the Vietnamese Catholic Church sends bishops to Rome and to other countries to participate in religious activities organized by the Vatican or by other religious organizations.

Protestantism: Presently, Vietnam has two Protestant organizations, the Vietnamese Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Northern Church) and the Vietnamese General Confederation of Evangelical Churches (Southern Church) as well as some other Protestant denominations. Protestant groups in Vietnam have relations with their peers in the United States, South Korea, Singapore, Germany, and Northern Europe.

Recently, a delegation of the Baptist World Alliance headed by Chairperson David Coffey and including pastors from the United States, Great Britain, and India paid a working visit to the Baptist Grace Religious Association of Hồ Chí Minh City and had very open exchanges with the Association and with other Protestant denominations that are in the process of registering with Vietnamese authorities.



Islam: The Islamic community in Vietnam has on-going and diverse relations with Islamic communities in Southeast Asia, and particularly with Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, with Islamic communities in Saudi Arabia and with the World Union of Islamic Organizations.

Cao đài religion: Although Cao đài is a domestic religion, it has recently established relations with some foreign religious organizations, such as Omoto "the Brothers and Love for World Community" of Japan (since 1935), and overseas Cao đài organizations.

Hòa Hảo Buddhism: Since Hòa Hảo Buddhism is a domestic religion, it does not have a system of international organizations like the other religions listed above. However, after the reunification of the country in 1975, some followers of Hòa Hảo Buddhism went to live abroad and have kept regular contact with followers in Vietnam.

Nowadays, many individuals and representatives of religious organizations visit Vietnam at the invitation of individuals and religious organizations inside the country. These delegations have not only worked with religious organizations but also met with representatives of the Government, with related Government agencies, and with local authorities to discuss issues of common concern. Among the most important groups are Vatican delegations, which come to Vietnam annually to discuss with the Government of Vietnam issues related to the Vietnamese Catholic Church in an effort to improve mutual understanding. Other important delegations include: The special envoys of the United Nations writing reports on freedom of belief and religion; the U.S. President’s special envoys on international religious freedom; delegations from the Office of American Religious Freedom; delegations from the Council of American Religious Freedom; and parliamentarians from Europe,..

During the last several years, religious organizations in Vietnam have taken part in many international and regional conferences organized by foreign religious organizations and by international organizations. In August 2000, a delegation of religious leaders from Vietnam participated in “The Millennium Summit of Religious and Spiritual Leaders” in the United States. Vietnamese delegates to the summit helped international friends better understand the policies of the State of Vietnam regarding religious issues.

From 9 to 20 May 2002 and from 8 to 18 June 2004, delegations of representatives of the Government Committee for Religious Affairs and senior leaders of the Buddhist, Protestant, and Catholic movements visited the United States to discuss religious issues in Vietnam with concerned partners, in particular, with American politicians, leaders of the United Methodists Association, the American Protestant Association, the World Council of Churches, and with journalists in Washington, D.C. The visits were successful, left a favorable impression among American colleagues, and opened a new period of religious dialogue and mutual understanding between the two countries.

Other delegations of religious leaders have traveled to Bali (Indonesia), Cebu (the Philippines), and Cyprus for dialogues on human rights to expand cooperation and harmony among religious groups.

These dialogues between religious leaders have created good opportunities for Vietnamese religious leaders to describe clearly Vietnam’s religious policies and their increased guarantees, and they have given them the chance to share experiences and lessons regarding knowledge and practice in their religions.

The international relations of religious organizations are growing and becoming more diverse. International exchanges between religious leaders are an indispensable need and an international practice. International relations of religious organizations in Vietnam are in line with this trend both with the view of meeting demands of religious associations and of harmonizing the common interests of the society and the country.

The Delegation of Vietnamese religious dignitaries who visited the United States in June 2004.

In general, the international relations of Vietnamese religious organizations are purely religion-based. However, some international relations conducted by religious organizations have been influenced by unfriendly forces consistently looking for ways to take advantage of and undermine Vietnam’s Reform and Renewal. Some people still keep disseminating erroneous information and untruthful stories about the situation of religion in Vietnam, including distortions of the State’s policies on religion and through international organizations, these individuals have put pressure on the Government and National Assembly of Vietnam with the aim of restricting Vietnam's foreign relations with other countries. Some individuals within the country have used the mantle of “religious freedom” to realize their own ambitions, to undermine social stability and national unity. Some individuals and organizations outside the country have taken advantage of these individuals for their own purposes to oppose and attack Vietnam and Vietnam’s international relations. However, since religious policies in Vietnam are open and transparent, the majority of individuals and international organizations have acknowledged that the State of Vietnam consistently guarantees its people’s right to freedom of belief and religion.

Recently, international activities of Vietnamese religious organizations have achieved remarkable results. They have not only helped religious organizations in Vietnam maintain normal relations and exchanges with regional and international religious organizations but have also reflected Vietnam’s policy of openness, which promotes people-to-people relations in order to contribute to the country’s construction and renewal. International affairs and relations of religious organizations in Vietnam have also helped clarify Vietnam’s policies on freedom of belief and religion and have mobilized material and spiritual assistance from the international community for the country’s construction and development.

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The State of Vietnam affirms the right to follow or not to follow a belief, religion, as has been clearly stipulated in the law and guaranteed in practice. Each citizen is free to choose a belief or religion to follow, or not to follow any religion. Religious groups are free to operate in accordance with the laws of Vietnam provided their activities do not negatively affect community life, social unity, national security, or social order. Foreign visitors to Vietnam can easily see that followers practice religion freely and that large numbers of people take part in religious festivals and activities at religious establishments. This is clear evidence of Vietnam’s policies of respect for the freedom of belief and religion.



Through successive drafts and improvements, Vietnamese legislation is providing better guarantee for people’s right to freedom of belief and religion. The State of Vietnam constantly reviews, supplements, and systematically improves higher-level legal documents in order to guarantee that religious followers can operate in accordance with their religious philosophy, goals, dogmas, charters, and regulations. These legal documents conform to provisions on religious freedom in the International Conventions that Vietnam has signed or acceded to.

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