Participant [pɑ:'tisipənt] (n) : a person who takes part in an activity = người tham gia - Fee

- Universe [ˈjuːnɪvɜːs] (n) : [S] everything that exists, especially all physical matter, including all the stars, planets, galaxies, etc. in space / Vũ trụ

- Solar system (n) : Thái Dương hệ, hệ Mặt Trời

- Galaxy ˈɡæləksi] (n) : one of the independent groups of stars in the universe / thiên hà

 The Milky Way (n) : the pale strip across the sky which you can see at night, and which is part of the galaxy (= star system) that includes the Earth/ (Dãy) Ngân Hà
- Revolve [ri'vɔlv] (v) : move around sth in a circle = quay quanh
- Test tube (n) : Ống nghiệm

UNIT 12: CONJUNCTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS
CHAPTER 1
- Simultaneous [siml'teiniəs] (adj) : existing, happening, or done, at the same time = đồng thời, cùng lúc
- Sequential [si'kwen∫əl] (adj) : succeeding or following in order = liên tục, tiếp nối
- Concession [kən'se∫n] (n) : the act of conceding or yielding = sự nhượng bộ
- Expert ['ekspə:t] (adj) : having facility of operation or performance from practice = thành thạo; tinh thông; lão luyện
- Vital ['vaitl] (adj) : belonging or relating to life = thuộc sự sống; cần cho sự sống / essential, critical, crucial
- Likewise ['laikwaiz] (adv.) : similarly, in the same way, the same = như thế, tương tự như vậy
- Otherwise ['ʌđəwaiz] (adv.) : or else, if not = nếu ngược lại (khác đi) thì…
- Contrary ['kɔntrəri] (adj) : opposite, dissimilar = trái lại, điều đối lập

(n) : the opposite:

E.g.: I was worried that it might be too difficult for me but I found the contrary

Tôi e là thật khó để tìm ra điều ngược lại.

 On the contrary : ngược lại / trái lại thì…
- Briefly ['bri:fli] (adv.) : in brief, concisely = ngắn gọn, vắn tắt
- Substantially [səb'stæn∫əli] (adv.) : significantly, generally, much, large in size, value or importance = nhiều, lớn, tổng quát
- Potentially [pə'ten∫li] (adv.) : possibly, probably = có khả năng là
- Comparatively [kəm'pærətivli] (adv.) : relatively = tương đối


CHAPTER 2

- Sweater ['swetə] (n) : a woolen jacket ; jumper = áo len dài tay

(n) : sự (lòng) kính trọng, tôn trọng

 The new law is designed to protect people's privacy.

Luật mới được lập ra để bảo vệ quyền riêng tư của người dân.
- Insist on (v) : persist in / khăng khăng đòi, cố nài
- Unexpectedly (adv) : without warning / không báo trước
- Deadline ['dedlain] (n) : time limit: hạn cuối cùng (nộp bài, trả tiền…)
- Dine [dain] (v) : to eat the principal regular meal of the day = ăn bữa chính trong ngày
- Unforgivable [ʌnfə'givəbl] (adj) : không thể tha thứ được
- Incident ['insidənt] (n) : event which is either unpleasant or unusual: việc xãy ra bất ngờ
- Tolerate ['tɔləreit] (adj) : stand, bear, endure = chịu đựng
- Sponsor ['spɔnsə] (n) : supporter; nhà tài trợ
- Voucher ['vaut∫ə] (n) : a piece of paper that can be used to pay for particular goods or services or that allows you to pay less than the usual price for them: phiếu giảm giá
- Facility [fə'siliti] (n) : điều kiện thuận lợi, tiện ích
- Possession [pə'ze∫n] (n) : ownership = sự sở hữu
- Premises ['premisz] (n) : land and building; khu nhà
- Extinguish [iks'tiηgwi∫] (v) : to put out a light or fire = dập tắt
- Hardback ['hɑ:dbæk] (n) : a book with cardboard or cloth or leather covers

= sách đóng bìa cứng

≠ paper back sách đóng bìa thường (mềm)
- Renovate ['renəveit] (v) : modernize, repair, restore = nâng cấp, cải tiến, đổi mới lại, tân trang
- Admission [əd'mi∫n] (n) : permission to enter a place: được phép vào
- Entitle [in'taitl] (v) : to give someone the right to do or have something: uỷ quyền, trao quyền
- Sneak [sni:k] (v) : Move secretly: trốn đi, lén đi;

steal = xoáy, ăn cắp, lấy trộm

- Sneak preview: an opportunity to see (a part of) something new before the rest of the public see it: cơ hội xem trước cái gì mới trước khi mọi người khác thấy.
- Amenity əˈmiːnəti] (n) : something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel or other place

Những tiện nghi của cuộc sống

- Nest [nest] (n) : tổ chim

 Therapist [ˈθerəpɪst] (n) : nhà trị liệu; bác sỹ chuyên khoa về một phép chữa bệnh nào đó

Unbelievable

e.g.: New restrictions have been placed on the purchase of guns.

Stop operating

- For good : permanently; forever; thường xuyên, mãi mãi

- Bell-bottom pants = bell-bottoms : trousers that are very wide below the knee

Quần ống loe

- Stain [steɪn] (n) : mark = vết ố

 Stained [steɪnd] (adj)

e.g.: a blood-stained blanket

2. a business which washes clothes, sheets, etc. for customers = giặt ủi

 grab a taxi : bắt / đón taxi

Chúng tôi giảm giá áo sơ-mi nam 20% so với giá gốc

- All wool and silk ties are 20 percent off as well
- Dramatic [drəˈmætɪk] (adj) : theatrical, striking, impressive: đầy kịch tính, gây ấn tượng
- Cleanse [klenz] (v) : make something completely clean, làm cho thật sạch, tẩy, rửa
- Digestive tract [daɪˈdʒestɪv træk] (n) : đường tiêu hóa
- Youthful [ˈjuːθfl] (adj) : having the qualities that are typical of young people = trẻ tuổi, trẻ trung

e.g.: At the time I admired his youthful enthusiasm.

- Concentrate on [ˈkɒnsntreɪt] (v) : to direct your mental powers or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem; Focus on= tập trung

 Concentration [ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn] (n)
- Chew [tʃuː] (v) : nhai

 Chewing gum (n)

 to be addicted to [əˈdɪktɪd] (adj) : nghiện, ghiền

 Addict [ˈædɪkt] (n) : a person who cannot stop doing or using sth, especially sth harmful: người nghiện, con nghiện

e.g.: a gambling addict

- Maintenance ˈmeɪntənəns (n) : công việc bảo dưỡng, bảo trì

e.g.: Our television license expires next month.

 Expiry (n) : sự hết hạn

e.g.: The expiry of a lease/ visa

 Spoonful [ˈspuːnfʊl] (adj) : an amount held in a particular spoon: (định lượng) 1 muỗng đầy

e.g.: a spoonful of mustard = 1 muỗng mù tạc đầy
- Motivate [ˈməʊtɪveɪt] (v) : to make someone want to do something well; encourage, stimulate = thúc đẩy, tạo động lực

 Motivation [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn] (n) : enthusiasm for doing something = sự thúc đẩy

Encouragement, stimulation

- Accompany [əˈkʌmpəni] (v) : escort; convoy; go (together) with someone or to be provided or exist at the same time as sth; (đi) kèm với

e.g.: The course books are accompanied by four cassettes.

- Estate [ɪˈsteɪt] (n) : a large area of land in the country which is owned by a family or an organization = đất đai

 Estate agency (n)

 Estate agent (n)

e.g.: She assured him (that) the car would be ready the next day.

 Promptly (adv.)

 Rent (n) : a fixed amount of money that you pay regularly for the use of a room = tiền thuê nhà

 React [riˈækt] (v)

e.g.: Tim really annoyed me in the meeting this morning.

 Annoyed [əˈnɔɪd] (adj)

e.g.: I was so annoyed with him for turning up late.

 Annoyance [əˈnɔɪəns] (n)
- Machinery [məˈʃiːnəri] (n) : a group of large machines or the parts of a machine which make it work = máy móc

e.g.: His hand was injured when he got it caught in the machinery.

 Announcement [əˈnaʊnsmənt] (n)

e.g.: The President made an unexpected announcement this morning.
- Insurance [ɪnˈʃʊərəns] (n) : an agreement in which you pay a company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury = bảo hiểm
- Agency [ˈeɪdʒənsi] (n) : đại lý; chi nhánh / a government organization = cơ sở/ hãng thông tấn
- Dial [ˈdaɪəl] (v) : quay số
- Skateboard [ˈskeɪtbɔːd] (n) : a flat narrow board with two small wheels under each end, which a person stands on and moves forward by pushing one foot on the ground = ván trượt
- Quit [kwɪt] (v) : to stop doing sth or leave a job or a place

e.g.: Would you quit your job if you inherited lots of money?

e.g.: Their marketing strategy for the product involves obtaining as much free publicity as possible.

 Strategic [strəˈtiːdʒɪk] (adj)
- Court [kɔːt] (n) : an area marked out on the ground which is used for playing sports such as tennis and basketball = sân chơi thể thao như tennis…
- Tournament [ˈtʊənəmənt] (n) : a competition for teams or individual players in which a series of games is played = cuộc thi
- Inform [ɪnˈfɔːm] (v) : to tell so about particular facts = thông báo

 Information [ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] (n)

 Informant [ɪnˈfɔːmənt] (n)
- Value [ˈvæljuː] (n) : the importance or worth of sth for so = giá trị

 Valuable [ˈvæljuəbl] (adj) : precious; priceless; có giá trị

 Valueless [ˈvæljuːləs] (adj) : worthless; of no value / không có giá trị

e.g.: His comments were so general as to be nearly valueless.

# Invaluable [ɪnˈvæljuəbl] (adj) : extremely useful = vô giá

e.g.: The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.

- Valuables ˈvæljuəblz] (plural noun) : small objects, especially jewellery, which might be sold for a lot of money, đồ quý giá, nữ trang
- Cargo [ˈkɑːɡəʊ] (n) : the goods carried by a ship, aircraft = hàng hóa
- Departure [dɪˈpɑːtʃə(r)] (n) : when a person or vehicle, etc. leaves somewhere = khởi hành

e.g.: There are several departures (= buses, trains, ships or aircraft leaving) for Paris every day.

 e.g.: We fought for the honor of our country.

 Engagement [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt] (n) : sự đính hôn

e.g.: They announced their engagement at the party on Saturday.
- Benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] (n) : advantage; profit = lợi ích

 Beneficial [ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl] (adj) : có lợi

e.g.: A stay in the country will be beneficial to his health
- Circumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns] (n) : condition; situation = tình huống
- Under any circumstance (idm.) : trong bất kì tình huống nào

 e.g.: Under no circumstances should you (= You must not) approach the man.

 e.g.: I bought some miniature furniture for my niece's dolls' house.

 Differentiation [ˌdɪfəˌrenʃiˈeɪʃn] (n)

 Ambitious [æmˈbɪʃəs] (adj)

e.g.: an ambitious young lawyer
- Respect [rɪˈspekt] (v) : to feel or show admiration for so = tôn trọng

 Respective [rɪˈspektɪv] (adj) : riêng từng người

e.g.: They went to their respective houses.

 Respectable [rɪˈspektəbl] (adj) : đáng kính

e.g.: a respectable young woman from a good family
- Lens [lenz] (n) : a curved piece of glass = tròng kính
- Deadline [ˈdedlaɪn] (n) : a time or day by which sth must be done = hạn chót
- Underline [ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] (v) : to draw a line under a word = gạch dưới
- Instruct [ɪnˈstrʌkt] (v) : to teach so how to do sth = hướng dẫn

 Instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] (n) : sự hướng dẫn

 Instructor [ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)] (n) : a teacher of a college or university subject = người hướng dẫn

 Instructive [ɪnˈstrʌktɪv] (adj) : giving useful or interesting information

e.g.: Is this film appropriate for small children?

# Inappropriate (adj) : không thích hợp
- Adapt [əˈdæpt] (v) : to change sth to suit different conditions or uses

 Adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn] (n)

 Adaptable [əˈdæptəbl] (adj) : able or willing to change in order to suit different conditions = thích nghi

e.g.: The survivors in this life seem to be those who are adaptable to change.

e.g.: a variable interest rate

e.g.: A youth was seriously injured in a shooting incident on Saturday night.

e.g.: The oil spill has spoilt the whole beautiful coastline.

e.g.: There's a real carnival atmosphere in the streets.

- Resident [ˈrezɪdənt] (n) : a person who lives or has their home in a place
- Punctual [ˈpʌŋktʃuəl] (adj) : arriving, doing sth or happening at the expected, correct time; not late / on time / đúng giờ

 Punctuality [ˌpʌŋktʃuˈæləti] (n)

# Unpunctual (adj)
- Voucher [ˈvaʊtʃə(r)] (n) : phiếu giảm giá (khi mua hàng)
- Console [kənˈsəʊl] (v) : to make so who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy = an ủi

e.g.: I tried to console her with a box of chocolates.

 Consolation [kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃn] (n) : sự an ủi
- Illustrate [ˈɪləstreɪt] (v) : to show the meaning or truth of sth more clearly = minh họa

 Illustration [ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn] (n)

(n) : (= leader / leading article); an article in a newspaper which expresses the editor's opinion on a subject of particular interest at the present time = bài xã luận

e.g.: Her knowledge of music is extensive.

e.g.: The company is relocating to new premises.

- Blaze [bleɪz] (n) : to burn brightly and strongly = cháy
- Investigate [ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt] (v) : to examine (a crime, problem…) = điều tra

 Investigation [ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn] (n)

 Investigator [ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtə(r)] (n) : điều tra viên
- Spokesperson [ˈspəʊkspɜːsn] (n) : người phát ngôn
- Numerous [ˈnjuːmərəs] (adj) : many; several

e.g.: We have discussed these plans on numerous occasions.

 Exhausted [ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd] (adj) : tired

2. mudguard, wing / chắn bùn; cái cản sốc (phía trước xe hơi)

 Creativity [ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti] (n) : sự sáng tạo / creativeness

e.g.: Look at this exquisite painting

e.g.: You resemble your mother very closely.

- Breakage [ˈbreɪkɪdʒ] (n) : sth that has been broken

e.g.: Any breakages must be paid for.
- Scorpion [ˈskɔːpiən] (n) : a small insect like creature which lives in hot dry areas of the world and has a long body and a curved tail with a poisonous sting = bọ cạp
- Cruise [kruːz] (n) : a journey on a large ship for pleasure = du thuyền
- Airfare [ˈeəfeə(r)] (n) : the price of a journey by aircraft = tiền vé máy bay
- Jet-ski (n) : a small vehicle for one or two people to ride on water which is moved forward by a fast stream of water being pushed out behind it / ca-nô lướt sóng

 Jet-skiing [ˈdʒet skiːɪŋ] (n) : môn chơi/việc đi ca-nô lướt sóng

e.g.: The appeal for people to donate blood was very successful.

 Donation [dəʊˈneɪʃn] (n)
- Winter fest (n) : winter festival
- Convert [kənˈvɜːt] (v) : (cause sth or so to) change in form = thay đổi

e.g.: Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom?

- Rink [rɪŋk] (n) : a large flat surface, of ice or other hard material, for skating = sân băng

 Delivery [dɪˈlɪvəri] (n) : gửi hàng

e.g.: We get two deliveries of mail (= it is delivered twice) a day.
- Encounter [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] (v) : to experience, especially sth unpleasant = gặp phải

e.g.: When did you first encounter these difficulties?

- to send something out, such as a new ship into water or a rocket into space = hạ thủy

 Indication [ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃn] (n)

- Reputation [ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn] (n) : the opinion that people have about so or sth, or how much respect or admiration so or sth receives, based on past behavior or character = tiếng tăm, danh tiếng / standing, status

e.g.: The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.

(v) : chứng kiến

 Entangled in/with sth/sb : involved with sth or sb in a way that makes it difficult to escape: vướng vào việc gì

- Desire [dɪˈzaɪə(r)] (n) : a strong feeling that you want sth = lòng ham muốn

- Excel [ɪkˈsel] (v) : be extremely good at sth, stand out / xuất sắc

e.g.: Rebecca always excelled in languages at school.

 Merger [ˈmɜːdʒə(r)] (n) : when two or more companies join together

GRAMMAR PRACTICE TESTS