Doctoral thesis information



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DOCTORAL THESIS INFORMATION

1. Full name: Chu Anh Dao 2. Sex: Female

3. Date of birth: 23-01-1976 4. Place of birth: Phu Tho

5. Admission decision number: No.3201/QĐ-SĐH dated on 8th November 2010 by the President of Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

6. Changes in academic process: None

7. Official thesis title: Investigation of the behaviour and capacity of movement of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) in paddy soil irrigated by water from Nhue River in Thanh Tri District-Hanoi.

8. Major: Soil and water environment 9. Code: 62440303

10. Supervisors: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Manh Khai

Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Ngoc Minh

11. Summary of new findings of the thesis:



  • The behaviour of studied heavy metals including Cu, Pb and Zn were clearly found in paddy soil irrigated by water taken from Nhue river (which receives a lot of urban wastewater): the metals were dissolved rapidly at the beginning of the irrigation period, and the content of dissolved metals maintained for a long time before decreasing steadily. Some environmental parameters such as pH, Eh, Fe2+, Mn2+, CHC, anion and cation had the direct or indirect relationship with these behaviour . It is shown in these equations:

[Cu]=1,81–0,424*pH+0,587*Fe–0,187*PO4+0,0467*Ca–0,0474*COD; [Pb]=1,19+0,00216*Eh+0,244*Fe+0,0262*SO4+0,0407*Ca–0,0145*COD;

[Zn]=–1,30–1,05*pH–0,0114*Eh+1,25*Fe+0,785*Mn+0,144*SO4+0,219*Ca–0,0335*COD.

Because the environment changes continuously, it is very hard to control the behaviour of heavy metals. This may become a big threat to the ecology especially when heavy metals are regularly added to the paddy soil via agriculture supplements and air precipitation.


  • The models of heavy metals distribution, accumulation and movement in the studied paddy soil showed that: there was a vivid difference among the heavy metals’ contents in the surface soil in different positions. As a result shown in these models, the roles of sources for each heavy metal were identified. Cu and Zn accumulated more in the soil irrigated by water from Nhue river than in the surrounding industrial zones. Pb was distributed along the roads/traffic lines. The rates of movement of heavy metals through the vertical sections of soil have a close relationship with the soil properties. At the shallowest ground level (0–50cm depth) where CHC and clay are more concentrated, heavy metals will accumulate a lot in the paddy soil and the rates of movement will decrease as a result. On the other hand, at deeper level (>50cm depth), the rates of dispersion of heavy metals are higher than those at the upper ground level. Therates of movement of the studied heavy metals are descending as Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+. The movement time of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ from the ground level to the depth of 105cm at different vertical sections are 740–1000 days, 600–880 days and 400–510 days respectively.

12. Practical application:

  • Based on the thesis, managers could come up with methods of controllingirrigation qualities, allocating the suitable plants and applying suitable farming methods to reduce the effects of heavy metal pollution in the soil. This thesis could be a case study for a further study of loss of nutrients in paddy soil.

13. Further related studies:

  • Investigation of the real movement of Cu, Zn and Pb associated with other properties (such as the existence of stronger lines, the activities of plants, the destructions and/or the formation of inorganic minerals, etc.) which were not included in the modelling data.

  • Comparisons between the results of laboratory analysis and practical analysis at farms to have a better assessment of the effects of reduction on the behaviour of heavy metals.

14. Publications relating to the thesis:

[1]. Chu Anh Dao, Pham Manh Con, Nguyen Manh Khai (2010), “Characteristic of urban wastewater in Hanoi City – nutritive value and potential risk in using for agriculture”, Journal of Science, Earth Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, (Vol.26, No.1), P. 42–47.

[2]. Chu Anh Dao, Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Pham Vy Anh, Khuong Minh Phuong, Nguyen Manh Khai (2012), “Investigation on accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in cultivated soils of the Thanh Tri district, Hanoi”, Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, (Vol.28, No.4S), P. 26–32.

[3]. Nguyen Manh Khai, Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang, Nguyen Thuy Linh, Chu Anh Dao, Pham Manh Con, Nguyen Thi Nga (2012), “Research on water quality of Nhue River, Hanoi”, Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, (Vol.28, No.4S), P. 111–117

[4]. Chu Anh Dao, Khuong Minh Phuong, Pham Vy Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Nguyen Manh Khai (2014), “Application of Hydrus – 1D model to simulate the transport of some selected heavy metals in paddy soil in Thanh Tri, Hanoi”, Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, (Vol.30, No.1), P. 22–30.

[5]. Thi Lan Huong Nguyen, Motohei Kanayama, Takahiro Higashi, Van Chinh Le, Thu Ha Doan, Anh Dao Chu (2014), “Assessment of the Water Quality of the Nhue River in Vietnam and its Suitability for Irrigation Water”, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University (Vol.59, No.1), P. 143–147



[6]. Thi Lan Huong Nguyen, Motohei Kanayama, Takahiro Higashi, Van Chinh Le, Thu Ha Doan, Anh Dao Chu (2014), “Heavy Metal of Soil in Wastewater – Irrigated Agricultural Soil in a Surrounding Area of the Nhue River, Vietnam”, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University (Vol.59, No.1), P. 149–154



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