BÀi luận tiếng anh mẫu theo chủ ĐỀ phầN 1 Life in the city



tải về 0.59 Mb.
trang9/10
Chuyển đổi dữ liệu02.09.2016
Kích0.59 Mb.
#30232
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10

New words:

1. antiquity (n): thời xưa

2. divert (v) : làm đổi hướng

3. lucidity (n): sự rõ ràng, minh bạch

4. cogency (v): sự vững chắc, sức thuyết phục

5. dwell upon (v): chuyên chú vào

6. conscious (adj): có ý thức, biết rõ

7. compatriot (n): đồng bào

8. delicate (adj): tinh vi, tinh tế, tế nhị

9. dominate (v): chiếm ưu thế, chi phối, thống trị

10. clarify (v): làm cho dễ hiểu

11. vaguely (adv): mơ hồ, ngờ ngợ

12. ideological (adj): thuộc hệ tư tưởng

13. prejudice (n): sự thành kiến, định kiến, thiên kiến

14. frustration (n): tâm trạng thất vọng, vỡ mộng

15. verbally (adv): bằng lời nói

16. adversely (adv): bất lợi

17. circulate (v): lưu truyền, truyền bá

18. discontent (n): sự bất mãn, sự bất bình

19. grievance (n): lời phàn nàn, lời kêu ca, lời than phiền, nỗi bất bình



Which language do you think has made the greatest contribution
to the promotion of better understanding among the peoples of the world?

The human race is divided by a multiplicity of languages, many of which have come to play an important part in the affairs of the world. A little reflection reveals that the importance of a language is associated mainly with the ideas and knowledge it contains. The more ideas a language can convey to the peoples of the world, the more it will be used by people everywhere. Thus, the language that is used most extensively is the language that makes the greatest contribution to human progress and mutual understanding between peoples.

It cannot be denied that today the most widely used language is the English language. There are few countries in which this language is not understood or used. Even the countries which preached hatred for everything English, including the English language, during their struggle for independence from British rule such as India, found it difficult to dispense with this language after they became independent. Therefore, they not only continued to use English in all spheres of public activity but also began to encourage the use and study of the English language as means of achieving national progress and unity. These efforts on the part of the various countries of the world convey an idea of the importance of the English language.

It would be instructive, however to consider the reason for the extensive use of the English language. One of the reasons is that several countries in the world have been occupied mainly by immigrants from England such as the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. It is therefore not surprising that the people of such countries have continued to use the English language, though they have severed their political connexions with their mother country and acquired independent status, for one cannot discard one’s language easily. Another reason is that, in the course or history, a large number of countries throughout the world came directly under British rule, where English was made the main language for administrative, commercial and all other purposes.

As the leading colonial power in the world, England has indeed exerted a profound influence on the affairs of the world, though her colonial possessions are rapidly becoming independent one after the other. Concomitantly, the English language too has come to play a leading role in international communication. Thus, many people whose native language is not English have studied English and become more conversation with English than with their own languages. This is especially true with the leaders of the people to whom English is a foreign language. As a result, the English language is used by them not only in the administration of their countries but also in all their institutions of higher learning.

The most important reason for the pre-eminence of the English language, however, is that it is the source of all knowledge. The Industrial Revolution that began in England and spread to other countries revealed the English genius for invention. Even the political and social institutions of England, which were affected tremendously by the Industrial Revolution, have evoked the admiration of all countries. The knowledge, ideas, experiences and profound thoughts of the English people have made a deep impression on the minds of the people of other countries. Innumerable books have been written in the English language on all branches of study, and such is the thirst of English scholars for knowledge and their desire to communicate it, that they have even translated books of great value from other language to English for the benefit of all. Writers of other nationalities too have written a great number of books in English and made a substantial contribution to the enrichment of the English language. As a result of all these efforts, the English language has become the main avenue to the greatest storehouse or information. Therefore, people everywhere have developed a special respect for the language and they continue to learn it with avidity.

As the English language is used so extensively it is mainly in this language that the peoples of the world communicate with and understand one another. No other language has such a wide appeal or popularity. I am therefore of the opinion that it is the English language that has made the greatest contribution to the promotion of the better understanding among the peoples of the world.

New words:

1. multiplicity (n): vô số

2. mutual (adj): qua lại, lẫn nhau

3. preach (v): chủ trương, thuyết giáo

4. immigrant (n) : người nhập cư

5. connexion (n) : mối quan hệ

6. discard (v) : vứt bỏ, thải hồi

7. administrative (adj) : (thuộc) hành chính

8. commercial (adj) : (thuộc) thương mại

9. concomitantly (adv) : đi đôi với, đồng thời

10. pre-eminence (n) : sưu việt hơn hẳn

11. evoke (v): gợi lên

12. innumerable (adj) : vô số

13. substantial (adj) : lớn lao, đáng kể, quan trọng

14. avidity (n) : sự khát khao

15. appeal (n) : sự hấp dẫn



Liberty

Since his appearance on the earth, man has instinctively longed for liberty, an ideal which has inspired revolts and revolutions throughout the long history of the human race.

The yearning for liberty or freedom is not restricted to man alone. Even animals, birds and all living creatures love the freedom that God has given to them. Like men, these creatures will never submit to captivity without resistance. Neither will they cease to make tenacious efforts to escape, once they are captured.

In the early days of their existence, men were free to pursue their own affairs, within the limits of their own ability. They moved from place to place in small isolated groups and families, in search of food, which consisted of edible plants. fruits and the flesh of animals. The pursuit of the means of survival was their only occupation, and the things that restricted their freedom of movement, to some extent, were their own fears of the unknown and natural barriers such as mountains, dense forests, and rivers. These were no restraints imposed upon them by human institution and they enjoyed their liberty.

Gradually, men learned to live in communities and various institutions were established, which soon curtailed their liberty to a great extent. Rules were made for the cohesions of each community and obedience to those rules was secured by the threat of punishment. This element of compulsion imposed upon the conduct of the individuals in the community restricted the liberty of the people; but the greater security that men enjoyed in community life provided the incentive to partial sacrifices.

Soon, however, conflicts developed among the various communities. The stronger one conquered the weaker one and in the contest for power and domination, hundreds of people lost their liberty completely. The enslavement and suppression of one group of people by another provided the stimulus for numerous revolts and revolutions for liberty which have not ceased till this day.

Even in the same community. Sometimes, there were divisions. The rulers, who came to be known as kings, with the development of the communities into countries, were at variance with their subjects. To maintain their status and to assert their authority, kings developed their own theories of kingship, and many of them ruled in the most despotic manner. Defiance of the king's authority was punished by death and imprisonment. What constituted defiance was decided arbitrarily by the king or his ministers, and thousands or people were deprived of their liberty.

Eventually, however, despotism aroused the fury of political thinkers and writers in many countries. A crusade then began against oppression and despotism, and the cry for liberty was heard everywhere. Revolutions erupted; despotic rulers were overthrown, and new rulers were compelled to rule with the consent of the people. The French Revolution of the eighteenth century is the best example of the extremity to which people were prepared to go to retain or regain their liberty, which is claimed to be the birth-right of every man.

But liberty does not mean licence. In other words, men's liberty of action should not be excessive. The French Revolution is, unfortunately, also the best example of how men may lose their sense of proportion and justice, in their attempts to assert their liberty. In that revolution hundreds of innocent men, women, and children lost their lives at the hands of those who took full advantage of the anarchy that then prevailed in France, to assert their liberty of action. Such actions are indeed licentious .

Thus, it may be argued that liberty will remain the battle-cry of all the people, but those who have it should not use it to hurt or offend others or to deprive others of their liberty.



New words:

1. liberty (n): sự tự do, quyền tự do

2. revolt (n): cuộc nổi dậy, cuộc khởi nghĩa, cuộc nổi loạn

3. submit (v): chịu phục tùng, quy phục, ngừng phản kháng

4. tenacious (adj): kiên trì, ngoan cường, ngoan cố

5. isolated (adj): biệt lập, cô đơn

6. restraint (n): sự kiềm chế, sự gò bó, sự ràng buộc

7. curtail (v): tước đi, lấy đi

8. cohesion (n): sự dính liền, sự cố kết

9. compulsion (n): sự ép buộc, sự cưỡng bức

10. conquer (v): chinh phục, chế ngự

11. enslavement (n): sự nô dịch hoá, tình trạng bị nô dịch

12. suppression (n): sự đàn áp hoặc bị đàn áp

13. stimulus (n): sự kích thích, tác nhân kích thích

14. status (n): đia vị, thân phận, thân thế

15. despotic (adj): chuyên chế, chuyên quyền, bạo ngược

16. defiance (n): sự công khai kháng cự hoặc không tuân theo

17. constitute (v): cấu thành, tạo thành

18. arbitrarily (adv): chuyên quyền, độc đoán

19. arouse (v): đánh thức, khuâý động, gợi

20. crusade (n): chiến dịch; cuộc vận động lớn

21. claim (v): khẳng định, quá quyết

22. excessive (adj): quá thể, quá đáng

23. anarchy (n): tình trạng vô chính phú, tình trạng hỗn loạn

24. prevail (v): thắng thế, chiếm ưu thế, phổ biến khắp nơi

25. licentious (adj): bừa bãi, phóng túng

26. oppress (v): áp bức, đàn áp

Discuss the role of the police force in society

The police force plays a vital role in the maintenance of law and order in society. It is a source of moral strength, confidence and happiness to all individuals who seek to live a good life in society.

The ideal of a police force has been conceived centuries ago, when lawyers acts were committed everywhere; but it was only in the nineteenth century that effectual steps were taken to build up a strong police force in almost every country. Life, before the introduction of the police force, was indeed insecure. Violent acts such as murder were committed with impunity by cruel and reckless men. Even those who were weak and feared revenge by stronger men nevertheless found it safe sometimes to commit lesser crimes such as theft and robbery. Without the restraining influence of a powerful organization such as the police force, the passions of men were aroused easily, and lawlessness prevailed everywhere. Individuals grouped themselves together and terrorized whole villages and towns, and there were wars between rival groups. This state of affairs caused great sorrow and acute anxiety to whole communities and everyone lived in constant fear, uncertain even about his immediate future.

The establishment of the police force, however, has changed the state of affairs in society. The police force has enabled the law courts, which have existed since ancient times, in certain countries even before the introduction of the police force, to function more efficiently. Criminals are apprehended and punished, with the help of the police force, to deter others from committing acts injurious to innocent citizens. Most people therefore have learned to control their criminal tendencies. The alertness of the police force in the detection of crimes has not only discouraged most people from breaking the laws of society but also compelled them to exercise restrain and self-discipline. Consequently, society as a whole is more peaceful than what it was before the establishment of the police force.

As the aim of the police force is to promote the welfare of society, it is constantly engaged in creating the conditions in which people can live and pursue their own affairs without interference from thoughtless individuals. The rights of every member in society are protected by the courts through the agency of the police force, which is therefore a source of inspiration and hope to all law-abiding citizens. Any interference with the rights of one citizen by another is frowned upon by the police force.

In their efforts to promote the welfare of society the police force extends its activities even to the remotest regions of the country. If a man is lost in a dense forest or at sea by his own fault or otherwise, members of the force do their utmost to find and bring him back to his family, however unpleasant the effort may prove. Seldom do they give up their search if they are certain that the man still survives. Dedicated to the service of society, they are prepared to work under any conditions to protect a person, sometimes even at the risk of losing their own lives.

The knowledge of the activities in which the police force is engaged has increased the confidence and moral strength of people in society. Even the cripple and invalid are given every protection. Thus, people today can live in greater security and happiness than they could before. Society therefore owes a great debt of gratitude to the police force.

New words:

1. vital (adj): sống còn, quan trọng

2. seek (v): mưu cầu, theo đuổi

3. conceive (v): hình thành 1 ý nghĩ, trong đầu có ý tưởng

4. commit (v): phạm lỗi

5. impunity (n): sự không bị trừng phạt

5 . rival (adj ): đối địch, cạnh tranh

7. ancient (adj) : xưa, cổ

8. apprehend (v) : bắt, tóm, nắm, lấy

9. deter (v) : ngăn cản, ngăn chặn, làm nản lòng

10. alertness (n): sự tỉnh táo, sự cảnh giác

11. discourage (v) : làm nản lòng, làm chán nản

12. compel (v) : bắt buộc, thúc ép

13. consequently (adv) : do đó, vì vậy, bởi vậy, cho nên

14. interference (n) : sự can thiệp, sự xen vào

15. law-abiding : trung thành với pháp luật, tuân theo luật pháp

16. frown (v) : không bằng lòng, phản đối

17. prove (v): tỏ ra, chứng tỏ, chứng minh

18. dedicated (adj): tận tụy, tận tâm

19. gratitude (n): lòng biết ơn, sự nhớ ơn



Discuss the view that tolerance is essential
for peace and harmony in any community or country

The progress of any community or country depends largely on the conduct of the people who reside in it. Discontent, jealousies, prejudices, and intolerance among a few of the people can cause great damage to the whole community or country.

Gregarious by nature, men hate to live in isolation. The urge for association, therefore, enables men to tolerate the views and habits of others, to great extent. Most men have come to realise that the cohesion of society cannot be secured without the exercise of tolerance on the part of its members.

A community or country is composed of various types of people, whose psychological social an temperamental attitudes and needs are not the same. In a great number of cases, there are fundamental differences even in race, language and religion among the people. This is the result of the economic and social necessities of the modern age, which have compelled people to leave their original homes and live among people of foreign descent. These diversities in a community or country necessitate the maintenance of a tolerant attitude on the part of the people towards one another. They have to respect the cultural and social habits and beliefs of one another and refrain themselves from doing, or saying things which might offend the susceptibilities of some people. The racial and religious clashes that have occurred in various parts of the world indicate the damage that the expression of hatred and prejudice can cause in a country. Even differences in the colour of the skin can cause trouble and violence in a community, and when passions are aroused, men lose their reason and sense of proportion and indulge in the most barbaric acts. Innocent lives become the victims of insensate cruelty.

That tolerance is essential for peace and harmony in a country could be illustrated by reference to the people in Malaysia, a country in which people of various races reside. Despite cultural, racial and religious differences among themselves, the people here have lived for generations in peace and harmony. They have also helped one another in various ways at various times. It must be admitted, however, there have been a few incidents from time to time caused by communal differences in certain localities, yet they can hardly be attributed to the general uprising of the races against one another. In fact, the goodwill that prevails among the different races of people here has contributed to the development of a new nation, which has become the envy of many countries. The racial unity among the people is the main factor that has contributed to the progress of the country in all spheres of activity.

Another country that deserves mention is the United States of America. The people of this country too are made up of a diversity of races and cultures. Yet, by tolerance, co-operation and goodwill among the people as a whole, it has become the richest country in the world. All this proves what could be achieved by the people of a community or country who exercise tolerance among themselves.



New words:

1. tolerance (n): sự khoan dung, lòng khoan dung, sự tha thứ

2. conduct (n): hạnh kiểm, tư cách đạo đức

3. reside (v): có nhà của mình ở một nơi nhất định, cư trú

4. prejudice (n): định kiến, thành kiến

5. gregarious (adj): sống thành tập thể

6. psychological (adj): thuộc tâm lý

7. temperamental (adj): thất thường, hay thay đổi không bình tĩnh

8. diversity (n): tính đa dạng

9. necessitate (v): đỏi hỏi cần phải có

10. refrain (v): kiềm chế làm việc gì, cố nhịn, cố nín

11. susceptibility (n): tính nhạy cảm, dễ xúc cảm, tự ái

12. clash (n): sự xung đột, sự va chạm

13. hatred (n): lòng căm thù, căm hờn, căm ghét

14. proportion (n): sự cân xứng, sự cân đối

15. indulge (v): ham mê, theo đuổi

15. barbaric (adj): dã man, man rợ

17. insensate (adi): không cảm xúc, nhẫn tâm, điên rồ

18. despite (prep): bất chấp, mặc dù

19. communal (adj) (thuộc) các nhóm chủng tộc và tôn giáo đối lập ở 1 vùng

20. attribute (v) : cho là do, quy cho

21. uprising (n) cuộc nổi dậy, cuộc khởi nghĩa

22. contribute (n) : đóng góp, góp phần

23. envy (n) : sự thèm muốn, sự ghen tị, sự đố kỵ

24. sphere (n) : lĩnh vực, phạm vi ảnh hưởng

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having
too many university graduates in your country

University education confers many benefits on the individual. It develops his intellect and broadens his outlook on life, and enables him to discriminate between the good and the bad. Thus, in the past, only those who sought to acquire these benefits proceeded to the various universities in the world. Today, however, men are usually driven to the universities by economic necessity. Few of them seek the true benefits of education, for the growing competition for positions in the various professions has made it difficult to secure proper employment without some university degrees. As a consequence, there are a large number of university graduates today in almost every country.

The advantages of having too many university graduates in a country, however, are many. In my country, for example, the presence of a large number of graduates would enable the government of my country lo find sufficient men to assume responsible positions in the various administrative departments. It would also raise the status of the country in the eyes of the world, as one with a high literacy rate. The efficiency of the administrative organs of the state would also be increased, and in time of national crises, the government could draw on the intellectual resources of the people. Even the younger generation of men would benefit from the contacts with university graduates. They would draw inspiration from the work of the graduates and themselves develop, consciously or unconsciously, some of the mental abilities of the graduates. In other words, the presence of a large number of university graduates would create an atmosphere conducive to the mental development of the younger people in the country.

The various private firms and industries too would benefit from the presence of large number of university graduates in my country. It would facilitate the selection of suitable men for positions of responsibility in the firms and industries. This would contribute substantially to the progress and productivity of the business concerns. There would, however, also be certain disadvantages in having too many university graduates in my country. The worst of them would be that people without university qualifications would find themselves in a precarious position. Good positions in the various professions would be closed to them. Thus, they would have to be content with humble positions and meagre incomes, Without any prospects of promotion in their respective places of work. Besides, the general drop in salary scales owing to the competition among graduates for position, would further add to the misery of those without university training, for employers would always look for university graduates, even for low positions.

Another disadvantage would be that those without university degrees would be regarded as ignorant and of no consequence. They would receive little respect, unless they were wealthy. Though the university graduates may not deliberately adopt such an attitude towards them, yet they would always remain sensitive to any remarks upon their abilities. Such a situation would produce a group of disgruntle men, and there would be much unemployment among those without university education, thus giving rise to many problems in the country.

New words:

1. confer (v): trao hoặc tặng

2. intellect (n): khả năng hiểu biết, trí tuệ, trí năng

3. discriminate (v): phân biệt

4. consequence (n): hậu quả, kết quả

5. sufficient (adj) : đủ

6. assume (v) : nắm lấy, chiếm lấy

7. literacy (n) : sự biết viết, biết đọc

8. efficiency (adj): hiệu quả, năng lực, khả năng

9. conducive (adj): có ích, có lợi

10. facilitate (v) : làm cho dễ dàng, làm cho thuận tiện

11. substantially (adv): về thực chất, căn bản

12. precarious (adj) : tạm thời, nhất thời, không ổn định

13. humble (adj) : thấp kém, hèn mọn

14. meagre (adj) : nghèo nàn, xoàng, đạm bạc

15. scale (n) : quy mô, phạm vi

16. owing to (prep): do vì, bởi vì

17. deliberately (adv): một cách tính toán, có chủ tâm

18. adopt (v): chấp nhận, thông qua

19. disgruntled (adj): bực tức



Каталог: data -> file -> 2015 -> thang01
thang01 -> Nguyên mẫu không có To
thang01 -> ĐỀ thi chính thức học kỳ I năm họC 2011-2012 LỚP 11 MÔn thi
thang01 -> Báo Cáo Thực Tập
thang01 -> Bài 51: Cho hai hình vuông abcd và mnpq như trong hình vẽ. Biết bd = 12 cm. Hãy tính diện tích phần gạch chéo. Bài giải
thang01 -> PHÒng gd – Đt chưƠng mỹ ĐỀ̀ thi học sinh giỏi năM 2011-2012
thang01 -> Bài tập kết hợp thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn
thang01 -> BÀi tập tiếng anh thì hiện tại hoàn thành chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành
thang01 -> BÀi tập về nhôm và HỢp chất củA nhôm a. Kim loại tác dụng với bazơ VÀ BÀi toán lưỠng tíNH
thang01 -> You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-15, which are base on Reading passage 1 below
thang01 -> BÀi tập tiếng anh lớP 11 Ôn thi học kỳ II relative pronouns, clauses and adverbs I. Chọn a, b, c hoặc d để hoàn thành câu

tải về 0.59 Mb.

Chia sẻ với bạn bè của bạn:
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10




Cơ sở dữ liệu được bảo vệ bởi bản quyền ©hocday.com 2024
được sử dụng cho việc quản lý

    Quê hương