Bé gi¸o dôc vµ ®µo t¹o bé y tÕ ViÖn dinh d­ìng Ph¹m hoµng h­ng HiÖu qu¶ cña truyÒn th ng tÝch cùc ®Õn ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n vµ



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kÕt luËn



Sau hai n¨m triển khai nghiªn cøu ¸p dông phương pháp truyÒn th«ng tÝch cùc dùa vµo céng ®ång nhằm c¶i thiÖn thùc hµnh ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n víi c¸c thùc phÈm s½n cã t¹i ®Þa ph­¬ng, chóng t«i cã mét sè kÕt luËn sau:


  1. T×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng, thiÕu m¸u dinh d­ìng ë bµ mÑ vµ trÎ em t¹i céng ®ång nghiªn cøu:

1.1.Tû lÖ SDD thÓ nhÑ c©n lµ 33% cßn ë møc rÊt cao, trong ®ã SDD ®é I: 27,0%, SDD ®é II: 5,7% vµ SDD ®é III: 0,5%. Tû lÖ SDD thÓ nhÑ c©n t¨ng dần khi tuổi của trẻ tăng lên (5,6% ë nhãm trÎ <6 th¸ng ®Õn 22,4% ë nhãm trÎ 7-12 th¸ng, 30,4% ë nhãm trÎ 13-24 th¸ng sau ®ã duy tr× ë møc cao trªn 30% ë nh÷ng th¸ng tiÕp theo). Tû lÖ SDD thÓ thÊp cßi còn ở møc rÊt cao: 50,4%. Trong ®ã SDD ®é I lµ 33,1% vµ ®é II lµ 17,3%. Tương tự như SDD thể nhẹ cân, tû lÖ nµy t¨ng khi tuổi của trẻ tăng lên (tõ 18,9% ë nhãm trÎ <12 th¸ng lªn 50,6% ë nhãm trÎ 13-24 th¸ng vµ sau ®ã tiÕp tôc duy tr× møc cao trªn 50% ë c¸c nhãm trÎ lín h¬n). ThÓ gÇy cßm(CN/CC): Tû lÖ SDD thÓ gÇy cßm 5,5% kh«ng cã sù kh¸c biÖt vÒ tû lÖ nµy gi÷a c¸c nhãm tuæi.

1.2. Tû lÖ thiÕu n¨ng l­îng tr­êng diÔn ë phô n÷ cßn ë møc cao 26,4%, chñ yÕu thiÕu n¨ng l­îng tr­êng diÔn ®é I: 21,2%; TNLTD ®é II: 4,4% vµ ®é III: 0,7%.

1.3. Tû lÖ thiÕu m¸u ë trÎ em løa tuæi 6-24 th¸ng t¹i céng ®ång nghiªn cøu ë møc cao 54,5% trong ®ã chñ yÕu lµ thiÕu m¸u nhÑ 23,2% và trung b×nh 29,3% vµ thiÕu m¸u nÆng khoảng 2%. Tû lÖ thiÕu m¸u ë phô n÷ là 29,7%, trong ®ã thiÕu m¸u nhÑ 21,8%, thiÕu m¸u trung b×nh 6,9%, thiÕu m¸u nÆng 1%.

1.4. C¸c yÕu tè liªn quan đến TTDD và thiếu máu của trẻ em và phụ nữ ở địa bàn nghiên cứu: ThiÕu kiÕn thøc và th¸i ®é, thùc hµnh chưa hợp lý vÒ sö dông c¸c s¶n phÈm giµu s¾t, thøc ¨n nghÌo nµn, thiÕu ®a d¹ng. L­îng s¾t vµ vitamin C tiªu thô trong khÈu phÇn ¨n ë møc rÊt thÊp.



2. HiÖu qu¶ cña gi¸o dôc truyÒn th«ng tÝch cùc ®èi víi kiÕn thøc, thùc hµnh ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n cña phô n÷ tuæi 20-35 vµ bµ mÑ cã con 6-24 th¸ng:

-Huy ®éng sù tham gia tÝch cùc cña céng ®ång vµo c«ng t¸c truyÒn th«ng, xóc tiÕn ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n c¶i thiÖn t×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng vµ thiÕu vi chÊt dinh d­ìng t¹i céng ®ång nghiªn cøu đã cải thiện kiến thức và thực hành dinh dưỡng của phụ nữ tuổi sinh đẻ 20-35 tuổi vµ bµ mÑ cã con 6-24 th¸ng:

+ §iÓm trung b×nh vÒ kiÕn thøc, thùc hµnh ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n vµ c¸c biÖn ph¸p phßng chèng thiÕu m¸u ë x· can thiÖp t¨ng lªn một cách cã ý nghÜa so với trước can thiệp và cao hơn x· chøng.

+ TÇn suÊt tiªu thô c¸c lo¹i thùc phÈm giµu s¾t ë x· can thiÖp cũng t¨ng lªn một cách cã ý nghÜa so với trước can thiệp và cao hơn x· chøng sau can thiÖp.

+ Hµm l­îng s¾t vµ vitamin C trong khÈu phÇn ¨n cña phô n÷ 20-35 tuæi vµ bµ mÑ cã con 6-24 th¸ng ë x· can thiÖp ®Òu t¨ng lªn cã ý nghÜa so với tr­íc can thiệp (p<0,01) vµ cao hơn x· chøng sau can thiÖp (p<0,05).

+100% CBYT, CTV, GV Héi viªn Héi Phô n÷, N«ng d©n cã kiÕn thøc vÒ TMTS vµ c¸ch phßng chèng, cã kiÕn thøc, kü n¨ng, c¸ch triÓn khai thùc hiÖn, theo dâi, gi¸m s¸t,vÒ c¸c ho¹t ®éng truyÒn th«ng.

+ Huy ®éng được sù tham cña c¸c cÊp l·nh ®¹o, Y tÕ ®Þa ph­¬ng bao gåm CBYT, CTVYT, c¸c ®oµn thÓ nh­ héi Phô n÷, héi N«ng d©n, gi¸o viªn vµ häc sinh vµo c¸c ho¹t ®éng lËp tõ kÕ ho¹ch, triÓn khai, theo dâi gi¸m s¸t c¸c ho¹t ®éng gi¸o dôc truyÒn th«ng, c¸c héi thi, c¸c c©u l¹c bé... Phèi hîp lång ghép c¸c ho¹t ®éng cña dù ¸n vµo c¸c ho¹t ®éng cña ®Þa ph­¬ng.

3. HiÖu qu¶ cña gi¸o dôc truyÒn th«ng tÝch cùc ®èi víi c¶i thiÖn t×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u ë bµ mÑ vµ trÎ em:

- Tû lÖ TNLTD ë bµ mÑ t¹i x· can thiÖp gi¶m nhiều hơn và sự khác biệt cã ý nghÜa (p<0,05) so víi x· chøng.

- Tû lÖ suy dinh d­ìng thÓ nhÑ c©n (P<0.05) vµ thÊp cßi (P<0.01) ë trÎ em < 60 th¸ng t¹i x· can thiÖp gi¶m cã ý nghÜa thèng kª so với tr­íc can thiÖp vµ so víi x· chøng;

- Tû lÖ thiÕu m¸u ë ë trÎ em vµ bµ mÑ cũng gi¶m cã ý nghÜa thèng kª (p<0,05) so s¸nh víi x· chøng.



KIÕN NGHÞ


Tõ kÕt luËn trªn ®©y chóng t«i cã mét sè ý kiÕn nghÞ nh­ sau:

  • Ngµnh Y tÕ tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ cÇn cã kÕ ho¹ch triÓn khai tiÕp tôc c¸c ho¹t ®éng trong theo dâi gi¸m s¸t ®Þnh kú, tr­íc m¾t ®Ó cñng cè vµ duy tr× c¸c kÕt qu¶ ®· ®¹t ®­îc cña dù ¸n.

  • TT-TTGDSK tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ cÇn phèi hîp víi TTYT huyÖn Phong ®iÒn cã kÕ ho¹ch triÓn khai më réng c¸c ho¹t ®éng can thiÖp ra trong toµn huyÖn.

  • ¸p dông TruyÒn th«ng cã sù tham gia cña céng ®ång ®Ó xóc tiÕn ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n, c¶i thiÖn chÊt l­îng b÷a ¨n, c¶i thiÖn t×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng vµ thiÕu m¸u lµ mét ho¹t ®éng cã hiÖu qu¶ cao, kh«ng ®ßi hái nhiÒu kinh phÝ, huy ®éng ®­îc sù tham gia tèi ®a cña céng ®ång vµ c¸c ban ngµnh. v× vËy, ph­¬ng ph¸p nµy cÇn ®­îc ph¸t triÓn vµ ¸p dông réng r·i h¬n n÷a cho c¸c céng ®ång khã kh¨n ë khu vùc miÒn Trung vµ ViÖt nam.





Tµi liÖu tham kh¶o



TiÕng viÖt

  1. ADB/MI/ILSI . (2000), DiÔn ®µn Manila 2000: chiÕn l­îc t¨ng c­êng vi chÊt vµo thùc phÈm thiÕt yÕu ë khu vùc ch©u ¸ Th¸i b×nh d­¬ng, ng©n hµng ph¸t triÓn ch©u ¸, Manila, Philippine, trang 42-53.

  2. NguyÔn ThÞ H¶i Anh, Lª ThÞ Hîp(2005), “ T×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng vµ mét sè yÕu tè liªn quan ®Õn t×nh tr¹ng SDD cña trÎ em d­íi 5 tuæi tØnh Lµo cai n¨m 2005”, Dinh d­ìng vµ thùc phÈm, tËp 2, sè 3+4, th¸ng 11 n¨m 2006,.tr 29-36.

  3. NguyÔn Lan Anh, NguyÔn H÷u ChØnh, Ph¹m Duy T­êng(2005).“ T×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u dinh d­ìng vµ mét sè yÕu tè liªn quan ë trÎ 0- 9 th¸ng tuæi t¹i huyÖn KiÕn Thôy , H¶i Phßng”, Y häc thùc hµnh.

  4. Bé Y tÕ (2006), “ Lý thuyÕt hµnh vi vµ qu¸ tr×nh thay ®æi hµnh vi”, Lý thuyÕt truyÒn th«ng, Tµi liÖu sö dông néi bé.

  5. Bé y tÕ (2001), Ch­¬ng tr×nh hµnh ®éng t¨ng c­êng vi chÊt dinh d­ìng vµo thùc phÈm ë ViÖt nam giai ®äan 2001-2005, Ban chØ ®¹o ch­¬ng tr×nh t¨ng c­êng vi chÊt dinh d­ìng vµo thùc phÈm, Hµ néi.

  6. Bé Y tÕ (2001), ChiÕn l­îc quèc gia vÒ dinh d­ìng giai ®o¹n 2001 - 2010 (2001), Nhµ xuÊt b¶n y häc, Hµ néi, 2001, tr 21-27.

  7. Bé Y tÕ (2007), B¶ng thµnh phÇn thùc phÈm ViÖt nam, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi, 2007.

  8. §µo Ngäc DiÔn (1994), “Suy dinh d­­ìng vµ mét sè bÖnh thiÕu hôt vi chÊt tai ViÖn b¶o vÖ søc khoÎ trÎ em ”, T¹p chÝ Y häc thùc hµnh, sè Kû yÕu BVSKTE-1994.

  9. Kh­¬ng V¨n Duy(1995),“Nghiªn cøu ®¸nh gi¸ sù tham gia cña céng ®ång trong ch¨m sãc søc khoe ban ®Çu ë huyÖn §an Ph­îng, TØnh Hµ T©y”, Kû yÕu c«ng tr×nh khoa häc, §¹i häc Y Hµ néi, tËp 4, tr. 104-105.

  10. Hµ Anh §µo (2001), Nghiªn cøu c¶i thiÖn t×nh tr¹ng vÖ sinh thùc phÈm th«ng qua gi¸o dôc kiÕn thøc cho ng­êi lµm dÞch vô thøc ¨n ®­êng phè, Lô©n ¸n TiÕn sü Y häc, Hµ néi 2001.

  11. Hµ Anh §µo (2001), “T×m hiÓu kiÕn thøc, th¸i ®é, thùc hµnh vÖ sinh thùc phÈm cña ng­êi néi trî gia ®×nh vµ ng­êi lµm dÞch vô ¨n uèng t¹i Hµ néi”, Y häc thùc hµnh sè 1, tr 15-18.

  12. Tõ GiÊy (2000), “ChiÕn l­îc dinh d­ìng hé gia ®×nh”, C¶i thiÖn t×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng cña ng­êi ViÖt nam, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi,tr75-101.

  13. Tõ GiÊy , Hµ Huy Kh«i, Lª B¹ch Mai (1994), X©y dùng m« h×nh ho¹t ®éng dinh d­ìng vµ gi¶m ®ãi nghÌo víi gi¶i ph¸p hç trî ph¸t triÓn tËp trung vµo c¸c nhãm nguy c¬ vµ huy ®éng sù tham gia cña céng ®ång, Ch­¬ng tr×nh Dinh d­ìng quèc gia, Dù ¸n khëi ®éng Dinh d­ìng,ViÖn dinh d­ìng, tr 7-17.

  14. Vò ThÞ B¾c Hµ (2005), “T×nh h×nh Suy dinh d­ìng trÎ em d­íi 5 tuæi t¹i BÖnh viÖn Trung ­¬ng HuÕ n¨m 2005”, Dinh d­ìng vµ thùc phÈm, tËp 2, sè 3+4, th¸ng 11 n¨m 2006,.tr 189-193.

  15. Herman Folmer, NguyÔn Thanh Mü(1999), “T×m hiÓu vÒ sù thay ®æi hµnh vi”, §µo t¹o Gi¶ng viªn Gi¸o dôc Chñ ®éng vÒ Gi¸o dôc Søc khoÎ vµ Kü n¨ng TruyÒn th«ng, Dù ¸n GDSKC§- HIEC, §µ n½ng 22/11-2/12/99, tr.4-5.

  16. §µm Kh¶i Hoµn, H¹c V¨n Hinh, Lý V¨n C¶nh(2007), “Huy ®éng céng ®ång truyÒn th«ng c¶i thiÖn hµnh vi ch¨m sãc søc khoÎ sinh s¶n cho c¸c bµ mÑ ë x· T©n long huyÖn §ång hû, TØnh Th¸i nguyªn”, Y häc thùc hµnh(573), sè 6 n¨m 2007, tr. 23-25.

  17. Lª ThÞ Hîp(2004),“TruyÒn th«ng gi¸o dôc dinh d­ìng”, Dinh d­ìng vµ an toµn vÖ sinh thùc phÈm, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi, tr 445-463

  18. Ph¹m Hoµng H­ng, Lª ThÞ Hîp, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh(2006), “T×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u ë phô n÷ vµ trÎ em t¹i 2 x· Phong s¬n vµ Phong xu©n, huyÖn Phong ®iÒn tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ”, Y häc thùc hµnh, sè 552, Bé Y tÕ 2006, tr 494-501.

  19. Ph¹m Hoµng H­ng, Lª ThÞ Hîp, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh(2006), “T×nh tr¹ng Dinh d­ìng ë phô n÷ vµ trÎ em t¹i 2 x· Phong s¬n vµ Phong xu©n, huyÖn Phong ®iÒn tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ”, Y häc thùc hµnh sè, 552, Bé Y tÕ 2006, tr 487 - 493.

  20. Phan Liªn Hoa, NguyÔn §×nh S¬n, NguyÔn TÊn Viªn(2003), “ThiÕu m¸u vµ t×nh h×nh Suy dinh d­ìng ë trÎ tõ 2 ®Õn 60 th¸ng tuæi t¹i 2 x· Thuû phï, Thuû b»ng, HuyÖn H­¬ng thuû, tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ”, Y häc Thùc hµnh, sè 447,2003. tr 173-176.

  21. Ph¹m V¨n Hoan (2005), “Mét sè ph­¬ng ph¸p x©y dùng kÕ ho¹ch c¸c dù ¸n can thiÖp”, Ph­¬ng ph¸p x©y dùng kÕ ho¹ch, qu¶n lý, theo dâi vµ ®¸nh gi¸ c¸c dù ¸n can thiÖp ding d­ìng ë céng ®ång, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi, tr 10-21.

  22. Ph¹m V¨n Hoan, NguyÔn ThÞ L©m, BÐatricen SÐnÐmaud (1998), “C¸c th«ng tin sè liÖu vµ c¸c ph­¬ng ph¸p thu thËp”, H­íng dÉn ®¸nh gi¸ t×nh h×nh dinh d­ìng vµ thùc phÈm ë mét c«ng ®ång, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi, tr. 12-46.

  23. Ph¹m V¨n Hoan, Hµ Huy Kh«i(1999), “T×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng ng­êi tr­ëng thµnh vµ biÕn ®éng suy dinh d­ìng trÎ em t¹i x· B·i sËy H­ng yªn”, 1997-1999.

  24. Horton(1999), DiÔn ®µn Manila 2000: ChiÕn l­îc t¨ng c­êng vi chÊt vµo thùc phÈm thiÕt yÕu ë khu vùc ch©u ¸ Th¸i b×nh d­¬ng. Ng©n hµng ph¸t triÓn ch©u ¸, Philippine, tr 43.

  25. Ph¹m Thuý Hoµ (2002), HiÖu qu¶ cña bæ sung s¾t /acid folic lªn t×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u thiÕu s¾t cña phô n÷ cã thai n«ng th«n ®ång b»ng B¾c bé, LuËn ¸n TiÕn sü Y häc, Hµ néi 2002, tr.59-80.

  26. Ph¹m thóy Hßa vµ cs (1998), So s¸nh hiÖu qu¶ cña bæ sung viªn s¾t acid folic hµng tuÇn vµ hµng ngµy lªn t×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u do thiÕu s¾t cña phô n÷ cã thai t¹i huyÖn Mª linh, tØnh VÜnh phóc, §Ò tµi cÊp nhµ n­íc KHCN-11-09, giai ®äan 1997-1998.

  27. Ph¹m Thóy Hßa vµ cs (1997), “HiÖu qu¶ cña viÖc bæ sung viªn s¾t /acid folic tíi t×nh tr¹ng ®ã trªn phô n÷ cã thai ë n«ng th«n”, T¹p chÝ VÖ sinh phßng dÞch, 7(2), pp.24-9.

  28. Ph¹m Thóy Hßa, Cao thu H­¬ng, NguyÔn C«ng khÈn, Hµ Huy Kh«i (1994), “B­íc ®Çu nghiªn cøu mét sè chØ tiªu y sinh häc ®Ó ®¸nh gi¸ t×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u thiÕu s¾t vµ hiÖu qu¶ cña viÖc bæ sung viªn s¾t acid folic tíi c¸c chØ tiªu ®ã trªn phô n÷ cã thai ë n«ng th«n”, B¸o c¸o Khoa häc, ViÖn Dinh d­ìng. Hµ néi 1994.

  29. §ç ThÞ Hßa, §Æng ThÞ Lý, Hµ Huy Kh«i, Tõ GiÊy, NguyÔn ThÞ HiÒn, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh (2001), “ HiÖu qu¶ cña b¸nh bÝch qui ®· ®­îc t¨ng c­êng Vitamin A vµ S¾t ®èi víi häc sinh tr­êng tiÓu häc”, Héi th¶o vÒ t¨ng c­êng vi chÊt dinh d­ìng vµo thùc phÈm. Hµ néi 2001.

  30. Ph¹m M¹nh Hïng(2002),“ C¶i tiÕn c«ng t¸c qu¶n lý vµ ph­¬ng thøc ho¹t ®éng ®Ó n©ng cao chÊt l­îng c«ng t¸c CSSK ë tuyÕn c¬ së”, C¸c chÝnh s¸ch vµ gi¶i ph¸p thùc hiÖn CSSKB§, Bé Y tÕ, Hµ néi 2002.

  31. NguyÔn §ç Huy, TrÇn ThÞ Ph­¬ng Mai(2004),T×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng, bÖnh tËt vµ møc t¨ng c©n cña phô n÷ cã thai cña huyÖn VÜnh b¶o H¶i phßng n¨m 2001, Y häc thùc hµnh(499), sè 12, 2004, tr. 29-31.

  32. Hµ Huy Kh«i (1997), “C¸c ph­¬ng Ph¸p nghiªn cøu”, Ph­¬ng ph¸p dÞch tÔ häc dinh d­ìng, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi 1997, tr 48-57.

  33. Hµ Huy Kh«i (2006), “ThiÕu m¸u dinh d­ìng vµ søc khoÎ céng ®ång”, Mét sè vÊn ®Ò Dinh d­ìng Céng ®ång ë ViÖt nam, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc, Hµ néi , tr 35-42.

  34. Hµ Huy Kh«i(2000), “Mét sè ®Æc ®iÓm t×nh h×nh dinh d­ìng vµ vÖ sinh an toµn thùc phÈm cña nh©n d©n ViÖt nam hiÖn nay”, C¶i thiÖn t×nh tr¹ng dinh d­ìng cña ng­êi ViÖt nam, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc, Hµ néi, tr. 7-29.

  35. Hµ Huy Kh«i, Tõ GiÊy (1998), Tæ chøc b÷a ¨n hîp lý ë gia ®×nh, dinh d­ìng hîp lý vµ søc khoÎ, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi, tr 88-89, 278-279.

  36. Hµ Huy Kh«i, NguyÔn xu©n Ninh, Bïi thÞ Nh©n (1994), “Thö nghiÖm hiÖu qu¶ cña bæ sung s¾t acid folic trªn phô n÷ cã thai bÞ thiÕu m¸u”, T¹p chÝ Y häc ViÖt nam, Sè7, tr. 7-10.

  37. Hµ Huy Kh«i , NguyÔn Kim C¶nh, Lª B¹ch Mai, Lª NguyÔn B¶o Khanh, NguyÔn ThÞ Chi, NguyÔn ThÞ L¹ng (1989), “Mét vµi nhËn xÐt vÒ s¾t trong khÈu phÇn”, B¸o c¸o tr×nh bµy trong Héi nghÞ khoa häc, ViÖn Dinh d­ìng, Hµ néi.

  38. NguyÔn C«ng Khanh, (2004), “ThiÕu m¸u thiÕu s¾t”, HuyÕt häc l©m sµng Nhi khoa, Nhµ xuÊt b¶n Y häc Hµ néi, 2004.tr 63-78.

  39. NguyÔn C«ng Khanh(1995),“ ThiÕu m¸u trÎ em tuæi häc ®­êng qua nghiªn cøu t¹i mét sè tr­êng thuéc Hµ néi vµ Hµ t©y”, Kû yÕu c«ng tr×nh nghiªn cøu khoa häc ngµnh y tÕ n¨m 1991-1995, Hµ néi 1995, tr.221-222.

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DANH MôC C¤NG TR×NH C¤NG Bè LI£N QUAN §ÕN LUËN ¸N

1. Ogle BM, Hung PH, Tuyet HT (2001). “The significance of wild vegetable in micronutrient intake of women in Vietnam. An analysis of food variety”, Asia Pacific Journal Clinical Nutrition, 10(1), pp. 21-30.

2. Ph¹m Hoµng H­ng, Lª ThÞ Hîp, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh (2006), “T×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u ë phô n÷ vµ trÎ em t¹i 2 x· Phong S¬n vµ Phong Xu©n, huyÖn Phong §iÒn tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ”, Y häc thùc hµnh, sè 552, Bé Y tÕ 2006, tr 494-501.

3. Ph¹m Hoµng H­ng, Lª ThÞ Hîp, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh (2006), “T×nh tr¹ng Dinh d­ìng ë phô n÷ vµ trÎ em t¹i 2 x· Phong S¬n vµ Phong Xu©n, huyÖn Phong §iÒn tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ”, Y häc thùc hµnh, sè 552, Bé Y tÕ 2006, tr 487 - 493.



4. Ph¹m Hoµng H­ng, Lª ThÞ Hîp, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh (2009), C¸c yÕu tè ¶nh h­ëng tíi t×nh tr¹ng thiÕu m¸u ë bµ mÑ vµ trÎ em, Y häc ViÖt nam số 2 tr.693

5. Ph¹m Hoµng H­ng, Lª ThÞ Hîp, NguyÔn Xu©n Ninh (2009), HiÖu qu¶ cña gi¸o dôc truyÒn th«ng tÝch cùc ®èi víi kiÕn thøc, thùc hµnh ®a d¹ng ho¸ b÷a ¨n ë phô n÷ t¹i hai x· Phong s¬n vµ Phong xu©n huyÖn Phong ®iÒn tØnh Thõa Thiªn HuÕ, Y häc ViÖt nam.số 2.tr 681
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