Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner

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animals-11-01248

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Animals

Three multiparous, rumen-cannulated, lactating, Holstein dairy cows (550

25.4 kg

body weight; 67

9 days in milk; 32

2.67 kg/d milk yield; mean

standard deviation)

were used to provide rumen fluid at China Zhongdi Dairy Holdings Company Limited in

Beijing. The main ingredients and chemical composition of the TMR are shown in Table

.

The cows were fed three times daily at 0730, 1330, and 1830, and milked three times daily

at 0900, 1500, and 2000. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal

Care and Use Committee of the China Agricultural University (CAU20201009-2).

Animals 2021, 11, 1248

3 of 19

Table 1.

Ingredients of total mixed ration used in vitro (dry matter basis).

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