CHƯƠNG 4: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE VOICE)

1. 
   Lý thuyết.
   

• 
  Quan sát:
  

• 
  Câu chủ động: Mr Smith teaches English. (Active)
  
• 
  Câu bị động: English is taught by Mr Smith. (Passive)
  

• 
  Qui tắc:
  

• 
  Tân ngữ chủ động " chủ ngữ bị động
  
• 
  Động từ bị động Be + Past Participle (pp)
  
• 
  Chủ ngữ chủ động " tân ngữ bị động ( trước có giới từ by chỉ tác nhân)
  

• 
  Sơ đồ: S V O (Active)
  

Bước 2: a/ Lưu ý Động từ câu chủ động ở thì nào To Be ở ngay thì đó.

b/ Động từ chính đổi sang dạng PP (QK phân từ)

Bước 3: Lấy Chủ từ (S)câu chủ động xuống làm Tân ngữ (O)câu bị động đặt sau By chỉ tác nhân.

*eg: 1. I learn English everyday.

=> English is learnt by me everyday. (Passive)

2.My mother wrote that letter.

=> That letter was written by my mother. (Passive)

3.He is asking me a lot of questions.

=> I am being asked a lot of questions. (Passive)

4.She was doing her homework at that time.

=> Her homework was being done at that time. (Passive)

5.My mother has made that cake.

=> That cake has been made by my mother. (Passive)

6. They had prepared a dinner before we came.

=> A dinner had been prepared before we came. (Passive)

7. My friend can answer this question.

=> This question can be answered by my friend. (Passive)

B Bài tập.

Chuyển những câu sau sang câu bị động

1. 
   They can’t make tea with cold water.
   
2. 
   The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
   
3. 
   Somebody has taken some of my books away.
   
4. 
   They will hold the meeting before May Day.
   
5. 
   They have to repair the engine of the car.
   
6. 
   The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
   
7. 
   People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
   
8. 
   They may use this room for the classroom.
   
9. 
   The teacher is going to tell a story.
   
10. 
    Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
    
11. 
    The children looked at the women with a red hat.
    
12. 
    They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
    
13. 
    The teacher explains the lesson.
    
14. 
    Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.
    
15. 
    The doctor examined the patients.
    
16. 
    These boys made that noise
    
17. 
    People speak English all over the world.
    
18. 
    He gave him back the money last Sunday.
    
19. 
    I can’t do these exercises quickly.
    
20. 
    She had finished the report by noon.
    
21. 
    Should they help Jane with the sewing ?
    
22. 
    The mechanic is repairing Judy’s car.
    
23. 
    We must do something before it’s too late.
    
24. 
    They make these artificial flowers of silk.
    
25. 
    Did they LuLu feed last night?
    
26. 
    Nick will bring the pizzas to our house.
    
27. 
    They used to drink beer for breakfast in England years ago.
    
28. 
    They were cleaning the floor when I arrived.
    
29. 
    Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion ?
    
30. 
    Where will your company send you next year ?
    

1.Tea can’t be made with cold water.

2. All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chief.

3. Some of my books have been taken away.

4. The meeting will be held before May Day.

5. The engine of the car has to be repaired.

6. The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boy.

7. A lot of money is spent on advertising everyday.

8. This room may be used for the classroom.

9. A story is going to be told by the teacher.

10. The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary.

11. The woman with a red hat was looked at by the children.

12. The victims have been provided with food and clothing.

13. The lesson is explained by the teacher.

14.The food is being cooked in the kitchen by Mrs Green.

15.The patients were examined by the doctor.

16.That noise was made by these boys.

17. English is spoken all over the world.

18. He was given the money back last Sunday.

19. These exercises can’t be done quickly.

20.The report had been finished by noon.

21.Should Jane be helped with the sewing?

22. Judy’s car is being repaired by the mechanic.

23.Something must be done before it’s too late.

24. These artificial flowers are made of silk.

25. Was LuLu fed last night ?

26. The pizzas will be brought to our house by Nick.

27.Beer used to be drunk for breakfast in England years ago.

28.The floor was being cleaned when I arrived.

29. Have you ever been asked for your opinion ?

30. Where will you be sent next year .

WEEK 34: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – GIÁN TIẾP

1. 
   Lý thuyết. - Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nào đó nói.
   

• 
  Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
  

1. 
   Thay đổi thì của động từ.
   

   Trực tiếp (Direct speech)	Gián tiếp (Reported speech)
   HTĐ ( is/are/ am)	QKĐ (was/were)
   HTTD ( is/are/am + V- ing)	QKTD(was/were + V- ing)
   TLĐ ( Will )	TL trong QK ( Would )
   Can	Could / be able to
   Shall	Should
   Must	Had to / would have to
   Have to	Had to
   Will	Would

2. 
   Thay đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu.
   

• 
  Ngôi thứ nhất: (I,we, me, mine,us,our) được đổi sang ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It,They, him/ her, his/ hers, its, their, them) phù hợp.
  

" Jane said that she lived in the suburbs.

- Ngôi thứ hai ( You, your, yours ) được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tường thuật.

*eg: He said to me,” You can take my book”

" He said me that I could take his book.

• 
  Ngôi thứ ba ( He, She, It, They, him, his, her ,them ,their) giữ nguyên( không đổi).
  

" Mary said that they came to help the pupils.

" He said he was going then.

- She said “ I was at Hue yesterday”.

" She said that she had been at Hue the day before.

4. 
   Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn.
   

" He told me to put the books there.

- Tom said to me,” I’ll meet you this Friday”

" He told me that he would meet me that Friday.

* Công thức: TT:“V + O” => GT: S + told/ordered/asked + to-inf + O

" He told Lan to hurry up.

- “ Shut the door”

" He ordered them to shut the door.

- “ Don’t leave the room”.

" He told them not to leave the room.

1. 
   Yes/ No – questions
   

" He asked if she had seen that film.

- “ Will Tom be here tomorrow?.” She told

" She wondered whether Tom would be there the day after.

2. Wh – questions ( who,what, where, why, when,how much/ many/ long”

* Công thức: TT: S + tell/ told + “ wh- qs + ( do/was/will).. . + S + V + O ?”

GT :S + asked/wondered + (O) + wh – qs + S + V(lùi 1 bậc về QK) + O.
* eg: - “ What time does the film begin?.” He asked

" He asked what time the film began.

- “ What will you do tomorrow?” She asked

" She asked what I would do the next day.

* Công thức: GT :S + said (that) + S + V(lùi 1 bậc về QK)

* eg “ I’ll pay him if I can”

She said that she would pay him if she could.

1. 
   He said to her, “You are my friend.”
   

2. 
   Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
   

3. 
   “ Don’t come back before one o’clock”, advised my brother.
   

4. 
   “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter.
   

5. 
   The pupils said “ Teacher, give us better marks, please.”
   

6. 
   My friend said, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
   

7. 
   “ Have you done your homework?”, said my mother.
   

8. 
   I asked Bill,” What time did you go to bed last night?”
   

9. 
   Paul said, “ I must go home now.”
   

10. 
    “ There is an accident .”, said the policeman.
    

11. 
    “ We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children.
    

12. 
    “ Must you go now?”, said Mr Brown.
    

13. 
    “ Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom.
    

14. 
    “ Listen to me and don’t make a noise,”said the teacher to his students.
    

15. 
    “ I’m tired of eating fish”, said Mary to Helen.
    

16. 
    “ The sun always rises in the east,” said Peter.
    

17. 
    “ I didn’t steal your fur coat yesterday,” said Samny to Jean.
    

18. 
    “ You must do your homework everyday”, said Miss Lan to us.
    

19. 
    “ Will we read the story?”, Bill asked his teacher.
    

20. 
    “ I don’t know where Alice is,” said Vicky.
    

1. He said to her she was his friend.

2. Johnny said to his mother he didn’t know how to do that exercise.

3. 
   My brother advised me not to come back before one o’clock.
   
4. 
   Mrs Brown told her daughter to cook it in butter.
   
5. 
   The pupils asked their teacher to give them better marks.
   
6. 
   My friend asked me if I was going to leave the day after.
   
7. 
   My mother asked me if I had done my homework.
   
8. 
   I asked Bill what time he had gone to bed the night before.
   
9. 
   Paul said that he had to go help me then
   

11.The children said that they were waiting for the school bus.

12. Mr Brown asked me if I had to go then.

13. Tom asked if I was going to visit my aunt the next day.

14. The teacher asked his students to listen to him and not to make any noise.

15.Mary said Helen she was tired of eating fish.

16.Peter said the sun always rises/rose in the east.

17.Sammy told Jean that he didn’t steal/hadn’t stolen her coat the day before.

18. Miss Lan told us that we must/ had to do our homework every day./ Miss Lan asked us to do our homework every day.

19. Billy asked his teacher if they would read the story.

20. Vicky said she didn’t know where Alice was.

21. Andrew asked Anne to turn the music down.

22. He asked how much I thought it would cost.

23. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand.

24.She asked me if I had already reviewed all my lessons.

25. The shopkeeper invited us to come in and look round and told us that there was no obligation to buy.

26.She apologized for being late and explained that the bus had broken down.

27. Jane advised me to take the course.

28.Mary asked me if I could tell her why I was so sad.

29.Jane asked me to find out when he last wrote to her.

30.She urged her daughter to decide what she wanted to do.

21. 
    “ There isn’t much rain in the south of the country,” said Harry.
    
22. 
    “ Would you mind turning the music down?”Andrew said to Anne.
    
23. 
    “ How much do you think it will cost?” He asked.
    
24. 
    “ Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand,” He said to me.
    
25. 
    “ Have you already reviewed all your lessons?” she said to me.
    
26. 
    “ Come in and look around. There’s no obligation to buy,” said the shopkeeper.
    
27. 
    “ I’m sorry I’m late,” she said.” The bus broken down”
    
28. 
    Mary asked me “ Can you tell me why you are so sad?”
    
29. 
    “ Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend.
    
30. 
    “ You must decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter.
    

" I saw the woman who wrote the book.

2. 
   I know the man. You want to meet him.
   

3.The pencil is mine. The pencil is on the desk.

" The pencil which is on the desk is mine.

4. The dress is beautiful. She is wearing that dress.

" The dress which she is wearing is beautiful.

5. The girl is my sister. You took the girl’s picture.

" The girl whose picture you took is my sister.

6. He showed me his car. The engine of the car is good.

" He showed me his car, the engine of which is good.

* “That” có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong trường hợp không theo sau dấu phẩy và giới từ.

* Eg: 1. Monday is the day. We will come then.

" Monday is the day when we will come.

2. I never forget the village. I was born there.

" I never forget the village where I was born.

B. Bài tập.

Kết hợp những câu sau dùng đại từ quan hệ.

1. Alice is my friend. Alice’s mother died last year.

2.The boy will be punished. He threw that stone.

3. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door.

4.The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.

5.There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.

6.I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now.

7.Is that the car? You want to buy it.

8.Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her.

9.The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach.

10.Lan is a journalist. Her tape recorder was stolen.

11.I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone.

12. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It’s only 30 miles away.

13. This is Mr Carter. I was telling you about him.

14. That is the room. The meeting is held in that room.

15. I’ll always remember the day. I first saw that sight on that day.

16.She was born in Malaysia. Rubber trees grow well there.

17.No one knows the school. My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago.

18. Please ask them the time. The train stared the trip at that time.

19. New Year’s Day is a day. All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then.

20. There are many hotels. Tourists can enjoy their holidays there.

21.India is a country.The earthquake occured in this country last month.

22. Bac giang is a city. I was born and grew up there.

23. We have not decided the day. We’ll go to London on that day.

24. The man made me sad the most. I love him with all my heart.

25.The thief was caught. This was a really good news.

26. The gentleman was very young. He was introduced as the most successful businessman.

27. His book became the best seller.It was punished last year.

28. Neil Armstrong lived in the USA. He walked on the moon.

29. Nam is very intelligent. He learns in our class.

30. Ha Long has grown into a big city over the past few years. I visited the city last year.

Keys.

1.Alice, whose mother died last year, is my friend.

2.The boy who threw that stone will punished.

3. Ann, who lives next door, is very friendly.

4.The man who/ that you met at the party last night is a famous actor.

5.There are some words that/ which are very difficult to translate.

6.I’ve found the book that/which I was looking for this morning.

7.Is that the car that/ which you want to buy?

8.Sandra, who you were talking to, works inadvertising.

9.The little girl who/ that sat next to me on the coach ate sweets the whole way.

10.Lan, whose tape recorder was stolen, is a journalist.

11. I don’t know the name of the woman who/ that I spoke to on the phone.

12. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol, which is only 30 miles away.

13. This is Mr Carter, who I was telling you about.

14. That is the room where the meeting is held.

15. I’ll always remember the day when I first saw that sight.

16. She was born in Malaysia, where rubber trees grow well.

17.No one knows the school where my uncle taught 10 years ago.

18. Please ask them the time when the train stared the trip.

19. New Year’s Day is the day when all family members gather and enjoy a family dinner.

20. There are many hotels where tourists can enjoy their holidays.

21.India is the country where we the earthquake occured last month.

22. Bac Giang is the city where I was born and grew up.

23. We have not decided the day when we’ll go to London.

24.The man whom I love with all my heart made me sad the most.

25. The thief was caught, that was a really good news.

26. The gentleman who was introduced as the most successful businessman was very young.

27. His book, which was punished last year, became the best seller.

28. Neil Armstrong, who walked on the moon, lived in the USA.

30. Ha Long, which I visited last week, has grown into a big over the past few years.